Alternations of Intestinal Microbiota and Health Impact in CKD

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with CKD stage 3-5 defined as eGFR \<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated with the use of the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula who have not yet on dialysis therapy. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with active cancer * Patients with liver cirrhosis * Patients have taken antibiotics within three months before screening for inclusion. * Patients with a cardiac pacemaker or metallic implants, * Patients are amputees * Pregnant women * Patients with inherited renal diseases