Observational Study of Expected ARF Recovery

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Respiratory failure managed in the ICU, where respiratory failure is defined as ≥1 of the following: * Mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube ≥ 24 hours OR * Non-invasive ventilation (CPAP, BiPAP) ≥ 24 consecutive hours\* provided for acute respiratory failure (not for Obstructive Sleep Apnea or other stable use) OR * High flow nasal cannula with FIO2 ≥ 0.5 and flow rate ≥ 30 LPM for ≥ 24 consecutive hours\* \*Occasional rest periods of ≤ 1 hour each are not deducted from the calculation of consecutive hours. * Expected by the clinical team to be discharged home alive Exclusion Criteria: * Patient in ICU \< 24 hours * Mechanical ventilation at baseline or mechanical ventilation solely for airway protection or obstruction * Residing in a medical institution at the time of hospital admission * Homeless / Prisoner / Primary residence not in the USA / Unable to communicate by telephone in English * More than mild dementia (either known diagnosis of moderate or worse dementia or IQ-CODE \> 3.6; screening performed on patients \> 50 years old or with family reports of possible memory decline) * Patient on hospice at or before time of enrollment * Patients who, based solely on pre-existing medical problems (such as poorly controlled neoplasm or other end stage disease, including Stage IV heart failure or severe burns), would not be expected to survive 6 months in the absence of the acute respiratory failure. * Patients with neurological injury either receiving treatment for intracranial hypertension or who are not expected to return to consciousness. * Pregnancy