This study aims to assess the associations of maternal food timing with glucose levels during pregnancy.
A novel line of research has emerged, suggesting that synchronizing the timing of food intake with body's circadian rhythms or day-night cycle has metabolic implications. Eating at the inappropriate time can disrupt circadian system which might induce metabolic perturbations, including glucose abnormalities. Recent evidence showed that circadian timing of eating was associated with glucose regulation in pregnant women. However, little is known about night-eating pattern during pregnancy, particularly the influence of nocturnal snacking on glycaemic control. This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 400 pregnant women at 18-21 weeks' gestation. The investigators will assess maternal dietary intake, monitor 24-hour activity-rest pattern and light-dark exposure, and measure glucose and insulin profiles during the second trimester of pregnancy. Maternal socio-demographic status, lifestyle characteristics, health conditions and pregnancy outcomes will be asked through interview or retrieved from medical notes. This study allows understanding the importance of circadian eating pattern, which is a modifiable behavior, in glycaemic control during pregnancy, and help to provide evidence for developing nutritional guidelines which can ameliorate metabolic health for mothers.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
300
KK Women's and Children's Hospital
Singapore, Singapore
Maternal glucose tolerance
Maternal glucose tolerance based on plasma glucose levels as assessed by the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal night-eating pattern
Maternal night-eating pattern as assessed by the food diary and food record app.
Time frame: Up to 4 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal meal and snack distribution
Maternal meal and snack distribution as assessed by the food diary and food record app.
Time frame: Up to 4 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal insulin profile
Maternal insulin profile as assessed by the fasting insulin level.
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal gestational diabetes status
Maternal gestational diabetes status as assessed by the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.
Time frame: up to 4 weeks, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal glycemic variability
Maternal glycemic variability based on continuous glucose monitoring profile as assessed by the continuous glucose monitoring system (Freestyle Libre Pro, Abbott).
Time frame: Up to 10 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal diet quality
Maternal diet quality as assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire.
Time frame: up to 1 month, during second trimester of pregnancy
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Maternal type of food intake
Maternal type of food intake as assessed by the food diary, food record app and Food Frequency Questionnaire.
Time frame: up to 10 weeks, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal nutritional intake
Maternal nutritional intake as assessed by the food diary and food record app.
Time frame: Up to 4 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal eating frequency
Maternal eating frequency as assessed by the food diary and food record app.
Time frame: Up to 4 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal meal and snack regularity
Maternal meal and snack regularity as assessed by the questionnaire based on frequency of meal/ snack delay and skipping.
Time frame: Up to 1 month, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal physical activity
Maternal physical activity as measured by the Actigraph accelerometer.
Time frame: Up to 10 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal physical activity
Maternal physical activity as assessed using the modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
Time frame: Up to 1 week, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal sedentary behavior
Maternal sedentary behavior as measured by the Actigraph accelerometer.
Time frame: Up to 10 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal sedentary behavior
Maternal sedentary behavior as assessed using the structured questionnaires based on frequency and duration of time spent in sedentary behaviour.
Time frame: Up to 1 week, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal sleep related behavior
Maternal sleep related behaviour as measured by the Actigraph accelerometer.
Time frame: Up to 10 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal sleep related behavior
Maternal sleep related behavior as assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire.
Time frame: Up to 1 month, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal light exposure
Maternal light exposure as measured by the Actigraph accelerometer.
Time frame: Up to 10 days, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal light exposure
Maternal light exposure as assessed by the Harvard Light Exposure Assessment (H-LEA) questionnaire.
Time frame: Up to 1 week, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal electronic media use before bedtime
Maternal electronic media use before bedtime as assessed by the structured questionnaire based on frequency, duration and location of electronic device use.
Time frame: up to 1 week, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal mood
Maternal mood as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21) questionnaire.
Time frame: Up to 1 week, during second trimester of pregnancy
Maternal gestational weight gain
Maternal weight measured by calibrated weighing scale as recorded in medical notes
Time frame: Up to 42 weeks, throughout pregnancy
Dietary data from food record app.
Feasibility and validity of using food record mobile app to capture maternal dietary intake, compared with paper-based food diary.
Time frame: up to 4 days, during second trimester of pregnancy