CUHK Jockey Club HOPE 4 Care Programme - Hand of Hope

Inclusion Criteria: * at least six months after the onset of a unilateral ischemic brain injury or intracerebral haemorrhage * upper-limb motor impairments due to stroke * metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers can be extended to 180 degree passively * spasticity during extension at the finger joints is lower than 3 as measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale * detectable voluntary EMG signals from the flexor digitorum and extensor digitorum muscles of the paretic hand * have sufficient cognition to follow the experimental instructions Exclusion Criteria: * have other neurological, neuromuscular, and orthopedic diseases * have shoulder or arm contracture/pain