This study was designed to characterize the changes in the brain and body associated with whole coffee cherry extract (WCCE). WCCE is a patented extract of whole coffee fruit (coffee berries) from coffea arabica. Whole coffee cherries are a source of naturally occurring nutrients. There are no known side effects or allergens associated with WCCE other than that which would be associated with a consuming typical cup of coffee. Previous studies suggest that increases in serum concentrations of both serum total and exosomal brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) may represent one of the mechanisms responsible for improved cognitive function after acute WCCE administration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious decline of dementia. It can involve problems with memory, language, thinking and judgment that are greater than normal age-related changes. Furthermore, MCI is associated with reduced circulating BDNF. Due to earlier studies reporting the ability of WCCE to stimulate increases in circulating and exosomal BDNF, it has been postulated that WCCE may also acutely improve cognitive function (as measured using behavioral tasks and fMRI). The purpose of this study is to extend and elucidate the findings of previous investigations by examining the acute neurophysiological effects of WCCE using blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) employing a double-blind, randomized crossover design to investigate the acute effects of a single dose of WCCE or placebo (silica oxide) on neuronal activity in older participants.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
8
100mg WCCE
Silica Oxide
Behavioral Measures - Change in Go/No-Go Reaction Time
Response/reaction time for each stimuli will be recorded in ms using E-Prime. Reaction times will be calculated for correct and incorrect trials separately.
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Behavioral Measures - Change in N-back Reaction Time
Response/reaction time for each stimuli will be recorded in ms using E-Prime. Reaction times will be calculated for correct and incorrect trials separately.
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Behavioral Measures - Change in Go/No-Go Accuracy
Accuracy will be determined as the number of trials correct, and errors will be classified as errors of omission or commission.
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Behavioral Measures - Change in N-back Accuracy
Accuracy will be determined as the number of trials correct.
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Change in Concentration of Neurometabolites
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements pre/post ingestion. The following are measured: glutamate, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, glutathione, myo-inositol, aspartate, taurine, and lactate. LCModel software performed automatic quantification of in vivo proton MR spectra by analyzing spectra as a linear combination of model spectra from sequence-specific simulations. Water-suppressed spectra were eddy current corrected and quantified using the unsuppressed water signal. Cramer-Rao lower bounds were used as a measure of fit with CRLB \> 50% rejected from further analysis. Metabolite concentrations were CSF-corrected, and quantified (in ppm).
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Change in Blood Levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
Serum and exosomal BDNF concentrations
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) Changes
Functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal changes across tasks, and during resting state
Time frame: Collected pre-drug, post-drug, pre-placebo, and post-placebo; through study completion (4 time points over a 72 hour period)
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