Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been employed in the treatment of prostate cancer. Multiple single institution experiences suggest high biochemical control rates with acceptable toxicity in low risk prostate cancer but efficacy data in unfavorable type prostate cancer is less convincing. CyberKnife-SBRT (CK-SBRT) can be used to escalate radiation dose delivery to the prostate while sparing normal tissue.
The optimal radiation schedule for the curative treatment of prostate cancer remains unknown. Prostate cancer patients receiving radiation therapy are typically treated 5 days per week for 8-9 weeks. Recent data suggest that large radiation fraction sizes are radio-biologically favorable over lower fraction sizes in prostate cancer radiotherapy. The sensitivity of a tumor or normal tissue to fraction size of radiation can be approximated by the alpha-beta ratio. It has been suggested that the alpha/beta ratio for prostate cancer is actually as low as 1.5 implying that the current radiation therapy paradigm for prostate cancer treatment might be fundamentally flawed, as high fraction sizes would be expected to damage tumor more readily. Typical prostate SBRT doses do not appear to have similar efficacy in higher risk prostate cancer suggesting even higher doses are required. Many techniques including dose escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), proton therapy (PT) and brachytherapy have been employed to increase dose to the prostate. Data from the ASCEND-RT trial utilizing low dose rate brachytherapy boost showed a dramatic 21% improvement in biochemical control at 9 years favoring brachytherapy boost compared to conventional dose escalated EBRT radiation therapy. However, no corresponding benefit was identified in overall survival, incidence of bone metastases or prostate cancer specific mortality while a 3 fold increase in late urinary toxicity was noted. SBRT is well tolerated with minimal acute and late side effects. In this protocol, CK-SBRT will be used to target the microscopic and gross disease in the prostate, seminal vesicles. An escalated dose of 40 Gy in 5 fractions will be delivered to the entire target volume while any nodules visible within the prostate gland on endorectal MRI will receive 50 Gy in 5 fractions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
100
Radiation Therapy
Philadelphia CyberKnife
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Bladder and Rectal Toxicity using NCI common toxicity criteria version 4.0
Genitourinary or Bowel Toxicity as a result of radiation therapy will be reported using
Time frame: 24 Months
Biochemical Disease Free Survival
Time in months from completion of SBRT to biochemical failure
Time frame: 24 Months
Duration of local control
time in months from SBRT completion to local failure
Time frame: 24 Months
Distant Failure
time in months from SBRT completion to distant failure
Time frame: 24 Months
Disease Free Survival
time in months from the date that the patient is determined to be free of disease to the date of known disease recurrence for any measure of disease.
Time frame: 24 Months
Disease Specific Survival
time in months from completion of SBRT to death due to prostate cancer, other causes with active malignancy, or complications from treatment.
Time frame: 24 Months
Overall Survival
ime in months from SBRT completion until death
Time frame: 5 years
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