The purpose of this study is to investigate the real-time kinetics of handwriting regarding the design of the utensil and fine motor performances from biomechanical perspectives. It includes three parts. The first part is an observational study design and the specific aim of the first part of the study is to establish a novel kinetic assessment system incorporated with Force Acquisition Pens (FAPs) designed with different barrel sizes and shapes for handwriting. The thorough calibration, examination of reliability and validity will be presented in this study. The second part is also an observational study design and the specific aim of the second part of the study is to investigate the handwriting mechanisms using the kinetic assessment system incorporated with the motion capture system with children who have writing difficulties. The third part is an interventional study design and the aim of this final part is to integrate the kinetic assessment system and the intervention concept to establish a Biomechanical Assessment and Biofeedback-training System for Handwriting (BABSH). Comparison of the intervention effect of the BABSH and traditional training for the children with handwriting difficulties will also be carried out in this part.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
125
Biofeedback training targeted to goals that are relevant to the handwriting skills for children by using a force acquisitional pen.
Motor training targeted to goals that are relevant to the handwriting skills for children by using a personal designed motor training program.
National Cheng-Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan
RECRUITINGChange in the result of Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form
A questionnaire about handwriting performance. Each item is rated on a five-point ordinal scale
Time frame: baseline, 1.5 months
Change in the total point score of three subtests of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2)
These three subtests are 'fine motor precision (subtest-1) ', 'fine motor integration (subtest-2)' and 'manual dexterity (subtest-3)'. The raw scores of the three subtests were then transformed into point scores based on the BOT-2 manual. The total point scores of the three subtests will be analyzed. For subtest-1, the range of total point score is 0 to 41. For subtest-2, the range of total point score is 0 to 40. For subtest-3, the range of total point score is 0 to 45. Higher total point scores represent a better performance (outcome).
Time frame: baseline, 1.5 months
Change in the handwriting kinetic parameters
The kinetic parameters designed by measuring the real finger force applied on a force acquisitional pen.
Time frame: baseline, 1.5 months
Change in the handwriting kinematic parameters
The kinematic parameters designed by measuring the real hand motion using motion analysis system.
Time frame: baseline, 1.5 months
Change in the pinch force
three types of pinch force were recorded by a pinch meter
Time frame: baseline, 1.5 months
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.