Validation of Non-invasive Miniature Optical Sensors for Scoring Sleep Stages

Patients with sleep wake disorders Inclusion Criteria: * 18 ≤ Age ≤ 80 years * Suspected sleep wake disorder (sleep apnea, sleep movement disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnia) * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Skin condition with eczema or damaged skin * Ischemia (cutaneous) * Allergy against nickel * Allergy against silicone * Current treatment with vasoactive drugs (e.g. beta-blockers, calcium channel antagonists, nitroglycerin, etc.) and/or antidepressive drugs (e.g. serotonin reuptake inhibitors, etc.). * Known infection with multiresistant bacteria * Implanted devices (e.g. pacemaker, pumps) * Rhythmogenic heart disease (e.g. resting heart rate \> 120/min) * Severe or untreated arterial hypertension (blood pressure \> 140mmHg systolic, \>90mmHg diastolic) * Hypotension (blood pressure \< 90mmHg systolic, \< 60 mmHg diastolic) * Current alcohol or drug abuse, alcohol consumption the same day as the study * Consumption of coffee 7h before * Dark skin pigmentation * Severe metabolic disease (e.g. diabetes) * Pregnancy or lactation * Physical handicap effecting the two arms * Wound in the wrist region * Too large or too small wrist Healthy subjects Inclusion criteria: * 18 ≤ Age ≤ 80 years * Written informed consent Exclusion criteria: * Skin condition with eczema or damaged skin * Ischemia (cutaneous) * Allergy against nickel * Allergy against silicone * Any Medication (except birth control pill) * Known infection with multiresistant bacteria * Implanted devices (e.g. pacemaker, pumps) * Rhythmogenic heart disease (e.g. resting heart rate \> 120/min) * Severe or untreated arterial hypertension (blood pressure \> 140mmHg systolic, \>90mmHg diastolic) * Hypotension (blood pressure \< 90mmHg systolic, \< 60 mmHg diastolic) * Current alcohol or drug abuse, alcohol consumption the same day as the study * Consumption of coffee 7h before * Implanted devices (e.g. pacemaker, pumps) * Known sleep-wake disorders * Dark skin pigmentation * Severe metabolic disease (e.g. diabetes) * Pregnancy or lactation * Physical handicap effecting the two arms * Wound in the wrist region * Too large or too small wrist