Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome according to 2016 ACR criteria and 18-70 years old healthy subjects will be included in the study. Their smell and taste will be assessed with sniffin sticks and taste strips. Besides they will be evaluated for quality of life, anxiety, depression, and alexithymia.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
50
Sniffin' Sticks test (Burghardt®, Wedel, Germany) is a psychophysical test. It allows semi-objective assessment of the patient's olfactory performance by means of 3 subtests: threshold test, identification test and discrimination test. The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test Kits contain pen like bodies as, for example, in pens used to write on flipcharts or whiteboards.These pen-like bodies, however, contain a fibre stick which is filled with scents. For testing, the cap should be removed so the patient can smell on the tip of the pen. The taste strips are a validated examination procedure to investigate the taste ability. When testing the whole mouth taste ability, the taste strips are applied by putting them on the tongue and closing the mouth.
Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Sniffin' Sticks Test Score
total smell test score minimum score: 0 maximum score: 48 Higher scores reflect better smell function.
Time frame: Baseline
Taste Strips Test Score
total taste score minimum score: 0 maximum score: 16 Higher scores indicate better taste function.
Time frame: Baseline
Quality of Life Score
A EQ-5D-3L is a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status. minimum score: -0.59 maximum score: 1 Higher scores indicate better health status.
Time frame: Baseline
Anxiety Score
Hamilton anxiety scale: Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), with a total score range of 0-56, where \<17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe.
Time frame: Baseline
Alexithymia Score
Toronto alexithymia scale minimum score: 20 maximum score: 100 Cut-off scores: ≤50=no alexithymia, 51-60=borderline alexithymia, and ≥61=alexithymia
Time frame: Baseline
Depression Score
Hamilton depression scale is designed to rate the severity of depression in patients. Although it contains 21 areas, calculate the patient's score on the first 17 answers. Minimum score:0 Maximum score: 53 Higher scores reflect more severe depression.
Time frame: Baseline
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