The study includes two parts: 1) an observational study examines the association of meal frequency, meal timing, and meal regularity with short-term changes in blood pressure and body composition; 2) a randomized controlled intervention examines the influence of recommendation of increase breakfast frequency and decrease nighttime snacking on 1-year changes in blood pressure and body composition.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
125
Recommendation of having breakfast daily
Recommendation of reducing frequency of nighttime snacking
Body weight
Body weight in kilogram
Time frame: 1 year
Standing height
Height in meters
Time frame: 1 year
Body fat%
Bioimpedance method (TANITA BC-418)
Time frame: 1 year
Body mass index
Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2
Time frame: 1 year
Systolic blood pressure
Measured in mmHg (Microlife BP 3MS1-4K)
Time frame: 1 year
Diastolic blood pressure
Measured in mmHg (Microlife BP 3MS1-4K)
Time frame: 1 year
Frequency of breakfast per week
Self-report food frequency questionnaire(0-7 days/week)
Time frame: 1 year
Frequency of nighttime snacking per week
Self-report food frequency questionnaire(0-7 days/week)
Time frame: 1 year
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