This study investigates if/how an experimentally applied muscle pain/soreness, lasting for some days may affect brain activity, balance, movement patterns, muscle function and pain sensitivity in a healthy population
All included healthy volunteers will participate in test-sessions on 4 separate days over approximately 2 weeks. During the study participants will be randomised into and either a control group (injection of isotonic saline into a neck muscle) or neck pain group (injection of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) into a neck muscle). Alle participants tested with regards to: Brain activity related to neck muscles will be estimated using TMS Balance will be tested using a force place Body movements will be recorded using 3D tracking Muscle activity will be estimated using electromyography (EMG)
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
40
Half the participants will be injected in a neck muscle with isotonic saline (Control group) and the other half will get NGF (Neck pain group).
Half the participants will be injected in a neck muscle with NGF (Neck pain group).
Dept. Of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
RECRUITINGChange in pressure pain threshold (PPT) measured with a handheld pressure algometer
PPT will be assessed over head, neck, arm and leg sites.
Time frame: Day 0, 2,4 and 15
Change in motor evoked potentials
Trans cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to asses motor evoked potentials of neck muscles
Time frame: Day 0, 4 and 15
Change in Body movement
3D recordings of body movements
Time frame: Day 0, 4 and 15
Change in muscle activity (EMG)
EMG of axioscapular muscles \& trunk during arm movements
Time frame: Day 0, 4 and 15
Change in standing balance
Standing balance is measured on a force platform
Time frame: Day 0, 4 and 15
Change in perceived pain: McGill Pain Questionnaire
Pain will be scored using a scale from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 being worst imaginable pain, by drawing on body charts and choosing words from the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
Time frame: Day 0, 2,4 and 15
Disability
Neck disability Index will be scored. Body movements will be scored on a modified 6-point Likert scale (0 = not difficult at all; 1 = minimally difficult; 2 = somewhat difficult; 3 = fairly difficult; 4 = very difficult; 5 = unable to perform)
Time frame: Day 0, 2,4 and 15
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (13 item questionnaire)
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Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) questionnaire. 13 items that can be answered with a Likert scale (0 = not at all, 1 = to a slight degree, 2= to a moderate degree, 3 = to a great degree, 4 = all the time). The PCS is scored by summing responses to all 13 items with scores ranging from 0 - 52.
Time frame: Day 2
The Big Five Inventory (BFI)
BFI questionnaire investigates five general traits personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness. The BFI consists of 44 items that are answered on a 5 point Likert scale (1=Disagree strongly, 2=Disagree a little, 3=Neither agree or disagree, 4=Agree a little, 5=Agree strongly). This is not good/bad score in this questionnaire as it only assess personality traits.
Time frame: Day 2