Impacts of Aquatic vs Land Walking on Vascular Health and Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

Body Composition

Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis as percent body fat. A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-35% for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Resting Heart Rate

Resting heart rate was measured as beats per minute (bpm). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Acceptable scale range is approximately 60-80 bpm for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Systolic Blood Pressure

Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for systolic blood pressure is approximately 110-129mmHg for most healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Resting Metabolic Rate

Resting metabolic rate was measured as kilocalories per day. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 1200-2200 kilocalories per day for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Cardiorespiratory Capacity

Cardiorespiratory capacity was measured as the volume of maximal oxygen consumption in milliliters per kilogram per minute (VO2max, mL/kg/min). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 25-60 mL/kg/min for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Exercise Tolerance - Walking Capacity

Walking capacity was measured using the 6-minute walk test in meters. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 400-1000 meters for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Upper Body Strength

Upper body strength was measured as hand grip strength in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-60kg for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Lower Body Strength

Lower body strength was measured with leg extension in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-120 kg for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Lower Body Flexibility

Lower body flexibility was measured using sit-and-reach in centimeters (cm). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-30 cm for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey for Physical Function

The physical function domain score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey was measured. The scale range is from 0 to 100 percent. Higher scores represent a better outcome.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for diastolic blood pressure is approximately 70-79 mmHg for most healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Systemic Arterial Stiffness

Systemic arterial stiffness was estimated as measurement of brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (meters per second). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 7.0 - 14.0 meters per second for healthy populations.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Time to Onset of Claudication

Time to onset of claudication was measured during the 6-minute walking distance test (seconds). A higher value represents a better outcome. Healthy populations can typically walk the entire 6 minutes (360 seconds) without experiencing claudication.

Time frame: 12 weeks