Fluorescent Lymphography-Guided Lymphadenectomy In Laparoscopic Proctectomy

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of rectal carcinoma. * Without multiple primary cancer. * Without receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. * Sufficient organ function. * Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Younger than 18 years or older than 75 years * Synchronous or metachronous malignancy within 5 years. * Patients with Intestinal obstruction or perforation or bleeding who require emergency surgery. * Patients with a history of pelvic irradiation. * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade IV or V. * Women who are pregnant (confirmed by serum β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in women of reproductive age) or breast feeding. * Severe mental illness. * Patients with severe emphysema, interstitial pneumonia, or ischemic heart disease who can not tolerate surgery. * Patients who received steroid therapy within one month. * Patients or family members misunderstand the conditions and goals of this study.