The aim of the first year of this three-year plan is to analyze and compare the muscle quality of lower limb muscle (microcirculation, muscle performance and mechanical characteristics) and maximal aerobic exercise capacity in treadmill exercise tests for diabetic and non-diabetic cases. The hypotheses are:1) the muscle quality of lower limb muscle and maximal aerobic exercise capacity are different between participate with diabetic and non-diabetic, 2) the effect of the three-month aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise on the characteristics of the muscle quality are different , and 3) intrinsic factors (such as age, BMI, and HDL) and characteristics of specific FTO genes are influenced the training outcomes.
Participants with diabetes will attend an 12-week aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise if the exercise test result of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption is fair or poor. Assessments will be taken before and after the training program, which including muscle strength, stiffness, quality, microcirculation and exercise capacity. Comparisons between the pre-training and post-training condition will be made for each groups. And the assessments also compare with the healthy control group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
The aerobic exercise and home exercise programs are consisted of 50 minutes per time, 3 times per weeks and totally 3 months. The aerobic exercise group will perform the exercise program under one physical therapy and one aerobic dance teacher supervised. The home exercise group will do the exercise program based on ACSM's aerobic exercise recommend, and will used the home exercise record form to make sure their cooperation.
National Taiwan University Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
index of muscle stiffness
elastography was used, units on kPa
Time frame: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months
muscle strength of knee extensor and plantarflexor
Dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength, units on kilograms
Time frame: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months
Relative sliding of muscles
B mode sonography was used, units on mm/s
Time frame: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months
muscle microcirculation
Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure oxygen saturation on muscle, units on percentage
Time frame: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months
maximum rate of oxygen consumption
Bruce treadmill protocol was used in the maximal exercise testing, maximum rate of oxygen consumption record as ml/kg/min
Time frame: Baseline
characteristics of specific FTO genes
rs9939609 SNP analysis, record as TT or TA or AA type
Time frame: Baseline
physical activity level
self report the ability of walking one-fourth of a mile, record as degree of difficulty: none, some difficulty, much difficulty, inability
Time frame: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months
BMI
weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2
Time frame: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months
blood glucose level
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), unit on percentage
Time frame: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months
blood cholesterol
total cholesterol, units on mg/dL
Time frame: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months
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