Bread Daily Intake Enriched With Mix Fibers in Metabolic Subjects: Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Profile Impact

Change from baseline fasting and post prandial plasma glucose at eight weeks

Plasma glucose will be measured in the fasting state and in the post-meal period over 7 hours before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline fasting and post prandial plasma Insulin at eight weeks

Plasma insulin will be measured in the fasting state and in the post-meal period over 7 hours before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline fasting and post prandial plasma triglycerides at eight weeks

Plasma triglycerides will be measured in the fasting state and in the post-meal period over 7 hours before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline fasting and post prandial plasma non-esterified fatty acids at eight weeks

Plasma non-esterified fatty acids will be measured in the fasting state and in the post-meal period over 7 hours before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline fasting plasma lipids (cholesterol total, cholesterol HDL and LDL) at eight weeks

Fasting plasma lipids will be measured before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline C-Reactive Protein at eight weeks

CRPus will be measured before and after each eight weeks, consumption sequences (fiber-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline MDA (Malon Di Aldehyde) at eight weeks

MDA will be measured before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline Acetylated ghrelin at eight weeks

Acylated ghrelin will be measured in the fasting state and postprandial period (at 0 and 240 min) before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline Satiety evaluation at eight weeks

Satiety response will be measured using subjective perceptions of hunger, fullness, satisfaction, and prospective food intake evaluated by previously validated visual analogue scales (VAS) (on a 90mm horizontal line; from no sensation of satiety (minimal) to strong sensation of satiety (maximum).

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline Body composition at eight weeks

Body composition will be measured with bio-impedancemetry before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from Baseline Resting Energy Expenditure at eight weeks

Resting Energy Expenditure will be measured with indirect calorimetry before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified).

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from Baseline substrate oxydation at eight weeks

Substrate oxydation (in the postprandial period over 7 hours) will be measured with indirect calorimetry before and after each eight weeks consumption sequence (fibre-fortified bread vs unfortified).

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline fibre intake at eight weeks

The volunteers will complete a dietary survey of three days and fibre questionnaire

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline Gastrointestinal tolerance symptoms at eight weeks.

Subjective ratings of bloating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and flatulence will be measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) score (on a 90mm horizontal line; from no symptom (minimal) to serious symptom (maximum).

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks

Change from baseline stool consistency at eight weeks

Stool consistency by Bristol Stool Chart (type1-7)

Time frame: baseline and eight weeks