FGF21 and Its Role in Alcohol Dependence

Inclusion Criteria: * Informed consent * Caucasian males between 25 and 65 years of age * BMI between 19 and 27 kg/m2 * Normal haemoglobin * Normal fasting plasma glucose concentration (\< 6 mmol/l) and normal glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (\< 42 mmol/mol) Participants with a father diagnosed with alcohol dependence (group B): * Father diagnosed with alcohol dependence * Weekly alcohol intake of less than 14 units of alcohol (of 12 g) * Normal Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score Healthy participants (group C): * Weekly alcohol intake of less than 14 units of alcohol (of 12 g) * Normal AUDIT score Exclusion Criteria: * Liver disease evaluated by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) \> 3 × normal level, an international normalised ratio (INR) below normal values, or biopsy-verified alcoholic liver disease * Diabetes mellitus * Anaemia * Nephropathy * Other diseases the investigator finds disruptive for participation in the study. Participants with a father diagnosed with alcohol dependence (group B): \- Former alcohol dependence or abuse Healthy participants (group C): * First-degree relatives with diabetes, liver disease and/or alcohol dependence * Former alcohol dependence