The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and academic self-efficacy in prehypertensive adolescent obese girls. Forty-eight prehypertensive adolescent obese girls participated in this study. The girls were randomly divided into the jump rope exercise intervention group (EX, n=24) and control group (CON, n=24). The EX group performed a jump rope training program at 40-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) 5 days/week for 12 weeks (sessions 50 minutes in duration). The CON group did not participate in any structure or unstructured exercise protocol. Blood pressure, body fat percentage, waist circumference, blood glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance, and Academic Self-Efficacy were measured before and after the 12-weeks study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48
Each jump rope exercise session of the program was performed for 50 minute, with a 5 minute warm-up and cool-down. Sessions were performed once a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool-down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased form 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Ever subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity.
Body Fat
Body fat percentage was measured to the nearest 0.1%.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the was recorded as the resting blood pressure. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Body Mass
Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1kg.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Height
Height was measured to the nearest 1 cm.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Waist Circumference
Waist circumference as measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tap measure.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Lean Body Mass
Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Glucose
Blood glucose concentrations were assessed with a glucose reagent kit.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Insulin
Serum insulin was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Homeostatic Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance
Homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance was calculated from the fasting plasma blood glucose and insulin levels according to previously established models.
Time frame: 12 weeks
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