One-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design in which primary outcomes were: a) the evaluation of pain intensity, by a 30-days Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and b) the assessment of knee function by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and by Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring collected at baseline, at 15 and 30 days after treatment. Secondary outcomes were the evaluation: c) of Health-related quality of life, by the ShortForm36, d) of inflammation by C-reactive protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and e) of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured at baseline and 30 days after treatment.
To evaluate the safety and the efficacy on pain and inflammation of a new food-grade lecithin formulation of standardized extracts of Zingiber officinale and Acmella oleracea.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
50
Subjects were supplied for four weeks with two tablets/day and there was the evaluation of pain intensity, by a 30-days Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and b) the assessment of knee function by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and by Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring collected at baseline, at 15 and 30 days after treatment, Health-related quality of life, by the ShortForm36, inflammation by C-reactive protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured at baseline and 30 days after treatment.
Geriatric physical medicine and rehabilitation division at the Istituto Santa Margherita - Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia
Pavia, Italy
Change in generic pain (Visual Analogue Scale)
Pain intensity measured both at motion and at rest, using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS measures a characteristic or attitude ranging across a continuum of values and cannot be directly measured. For example, the amount of pain that a patient feels ranges across a continuum from none to an extreme amount of pain. The VAS score is determined by measuring in millimeters from the left hand end of the line to the point that the patient marks. The results are showed with a scale 0-10. 0 means no pain and 10 high pain.
Time frame: 0-15-30 days
Change in knee pain (WOMAC)
Assessment of knee pain by WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis) Index. The WOMAC pain scale consists of five questions that assess pain while walking on a flat surface, going up or down stairs, in bed at night, sitting or lying, and standing upright. The responses are recorded on a five-point Likert scale, with a higher score representing a greater level of pain. This scale is valid and reliable in hip and knee OA populations.
Time frame: 0-15-30 days
Change in knee functionality (TLKS)
Tegner Lysholm Knee function Scoring (TLKS). Each patient completed a self-report questionnaire, TLKS, related to knee symptoms and function. It includes eight items: Limp, Support, Locking, Instability, Pain, Swelling, Stair climbing and Squatting. Each possible response to the items gives an arbitrary score on an increasing scale with a maximum of 100, a higher score representing a higher ability.
Time frame: 0-15-30 days
Change Health-related quality of life: ShortForm36
Health-related quality of life, recorded by the Short Form 36 Health questionnaire (SF-36), a generic measure of health status designed for use in population surveys which consider body pain as a dimension of health status. This is a self-reporting questionnaire and outcomes are measured with 8 numbers that express 8 different aspects of quality of life. Scoring 36-Item Health Survey is a two-step process. First, precoded numeric values are recoded per the given scoring key. all items are scored so that a high score defines a more favorable health state. In addition, each item is scored on a 0 to 100 range so that the lowest and highest possible scores are 0 and 100, respectively. Scores represent the percentage of total possible score achieved. In step 2, items in the same scale are averaged together to create the 8 scale scores. Hence, scale scores represent the average for all items in the scale that the respondent answered.
Time frame: 0-30 days
Change in inflammatory blood markers (CRP) (mg/dl)
Inflammation markers in plasma: C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/dl). High-Sensitivity CRP was determined by immunonephelometry (mg/dl).
Time frame: 0-30 days
Change in Total fat mass (Kg), free fat mass (Kg) and visceral adipose tissue (Kg).
Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body composition was measured at baseline by DXA, using a Lunar Prodigy DEXA (GE Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI). Free Fat mass (Kg), Fat mass and visceral fat (Kg) data were derived from DXA using the DXA Prodigy enCORE software (version 17; GE Healthcare).
Time frame: 0-30 days
Change in inflammatory blood markers (ERS) (mm)
Inflammation markers in plasma: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (mm). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was analyzed by capillary photometry (mm).
Time frame: 0-30 days
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