This study compares aerobic exercise training performed before breakfast (i.e., in the fasted state) to similar training performed after breakfast in people with type 2 diabetes. Training will take place over 16 weeks.
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are encouraged to increase their physical activity (PA). Sometimes, increasing the amount of PA can be difficult. Therefore, simply recommending that individuals preform more exercise may not be effective in the long term. Recent short-term studies have started to explore how to maximize the effect of a single bout of exercise. For example, short term studies suggest that exercise performed after a meal may decrease blood sugars more than exercise performed after a meal. However, research in people without diabetes shows this may not be the best approach in the long-term. To date, no long-term study has compared the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day in people with T2D. This study will compare the effects of 16 weeks of regular exercise before breakfast compared to 16 weeks of regular exercise after breakfast. It is expected that exercise before breakfast (i.e., in the fasted state) will lead to greater improvements in blood sugar control, without the addition of more exercise. It could be very motivating for people with diabetes to know that they can get more benefits from exercise by changing when exercise is performed, rather than trying to increase the amount of exercise.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
20
Exercise training will take place 3 times per week and will progress to 60 minutes at a workload corresponding to 80% of Ventilatory Threshold.
Exercise training will take place 3 times per week and will progress to 60 minutes at a workload corresponding to 80% of Ventilatory Threshold.
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Concentration of HbA1c (mmol/mol)
Glycated Hemoglobin
Time frame: Change from baseline HbA1c at 16 weeks
Liver fat (%)
Intra-hepatic fat measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Time frame: Change from baseline liver fat at 16 weeks
Pancreatic fat (%)
Pancreatic fat measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Time frame: Change from pancreatic fat at 16 weeks
Muscle fat (%)
Muscle fat measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Time frame: Change from baseline muscle fat at 16 weeks
Concentrations of Fasting glucose
Plasma glucose measured after an overnight fast
Time frame: Change from baseline fasting glucose at 16 weeks
Concentrations of Fasting insulin
Plasma insulin measured after an overnight fast
Time frame: Change from baseline fasting insulin at 16 weeks
Concentrations of Fasting lipids
Plasma total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides measured after an overnight fast
Time frame: Change from baseline fasting lipids at 16 weeks
Concentrations of Liver enzymes
Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase measured after an overnight fast
Time frame: Change from baseline liver enzymes at 16 weeks
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Aerobic fitness
Submaximal exercise test to determine ventilatory threshold
Time frame: Change from baseline aerobic fitness at 16 weeks
Height (centimeters)
Standing height
Time frame: Change from baseline height at 16 weeks
Waist circumference (centimeters)
Waist circumference (between 12 rib and iliac crest) measures in centimeters
Time frame: Change from baseline waist circumference at 16 weeks
Hip circumference (centimeters)
Hip circumference (between 12 rib and iliac crest) measures in centimeters
Time frame: Change from baseline hip circumference at 16 weeks
Body weight (kilograms)
Weight will be measured in kilograms
Time frame: Change from baseline weight at 16 weeks
Continuous glucose monitoring
Continuous glucose monitoring outcomes (e.g., 24-hour mean glucose)
Time frame: Change from the first two to the last two weeks of the 16 week interventions