This study will examine the effectiveness of one of two psychoeducation treatments on chronic low back pain.
This study will examine the effectiveness of one of two psychoeducation treatments on chronic low back pain. Participants will be randomized to one of these two treatments.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
Individuals will receive interactive psychoeducation in the lab over the course of a week period. Each session will take approximately 30 minutes.
Individuals will receive non-interactive psychoeducation over the course of a week period. Each session will take approximately 30 minutes.
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Pain Intensity as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) measures pain intensity measured via 0-10 numeric rating scale. 0 = No Pain - 10 = Worst Possible Pain Range of scores: 0-10
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Present Pain Intensity
Present Pain Intensity (PPI) assesses present pain intensity on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 5 (excruciating)
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Present Pain Rating
Pain Rating Index (PRI) is assessed by 15 questions assessing pain in the sensory and affective dimensions. Items rate from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) on degree to which the words apply to pain. Score Range: 0-45
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Pain Chronicity assessed by the Graded Chronic Pain Scale
Pain Chronicity is assessed by the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). The GCPS is 7 questions with 3 sub-scales (Characteristic pain intensity, disability score, and disability points). Scoring: Characteristic Pain Intensity: is a 0 to 100 score derived from Questions 1 through 3: Mean (Pain Right Now, Worst Pain, Average Pain) X 10. Disability Score: is 0 to 100 score derived from Questions 4 through 6: Mean (Daily Activities, Social Activities, Work Activities) X 10 Disability Points: Add the indicated points for Disability Days (Question 7) and for Disability Score (0-6). Items rate from 0 to 10 with 0 referencing no pain/interference/change and 10 referencing pain as bad as could be/unable to carry out any activities/extreme change.
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Daily Pain Monitoring: 10 point scale
Daily pain monitoring defined as daily pain intensity and daily pain interference monitoring is two questions asked daily on a 10 point scale assessing daily pain and how much pain had interfered with day to day activities. Pain: Over the past 24 hours, how would you rate your back pain on average? (0=No Pain; 10=Worst Imaginable Pain) Interference: Over the past 24 hours, how much did pain interfere with your day-to-day activities? (0=No Interference; 10 = A great deal of interference)"
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Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Back Disability as assessed by the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire
The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) assesses disability due to low back pain. The RMDQ is a 24 item survey with yes/no response options. Score 0 -24 with ower scores indicate more impairment.
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Depressive symptoms as assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20 item survey tool. The items are a 4 pt Likert response items. Scores range from 0-60 with higher scores indicate greater levels of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Pain Catastrophizing as assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13 item survey assessing catastrophizing in context to pain. There are 13 items with 5-pt Likert responses. There are several subscales. Scoring Procedure: The PCS total score is computed by summing responses to all 13 items (0-52). Subscales: Rumination: Sum of items 8, 9, 10, 11 (0-16). Magnification: Sum of items 6, 7, 13 (0-12). Helplessness: Sum of items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 (0-24).
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Pain-related fear of movement as assessed by the Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia
The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK) is a 17 item assessment of fear of movement. This uses a 5-pt Likert scale from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 4 = Strongly Agree. Scoring Procedure: Sum items Range: 17-68 Subscale Harm/Somatic Items: 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15 Subscale Avoidance Items: 1, 2, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Mood and Affect as assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale
The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) measures mood of participants. This is a 20 item survey with 5 pt Likert response indicating to what degree the participant feels those emotions. There is a positive and negative subscale. Higher positive affect score indicates greater positive emotions; higher negative affect score indicates greater negative emotions. Range of Scores: 0-40
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Immersive Tendencies
Immersive Tendencies are assessed by the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ). This is an 18-item survey. Item responses use a 7 point Likert scale. Subscales include: focus, involvement, emotions, and play. Each subscale is scored by summing items. A total score is scored by summing all items. Range of total score: 18-126 Focus range of scores: 5-35 Involvement range of scores: 5-35 Emotions range of scores: 4-28 Play range of scores: 3-21 Higher scores indicate higher immersive tendencies overall and in each sub-scale.
Time frame: Baseline only
Absorption Tendencies
Tellegen Absorption Scale is a 34-item multi-dimensional measure that assesses imaginative involvement and the tendency to become mentally absorbed in everyday activities. Item responses are on a 5-point Likert scale. Items are summed to score. Range of scores: 0-136. Higher scores indicate greater levels of absorption.
Time frame: Baseline Only
Video Game History
History of playing video games.
Time frame: Baseline Only
Patient Treatment Evaluation as assessed by the Modified Treatment Evaluation Inventory
Patient treatment evaluation is assessed by Treatment Evaluation Inventory. This is a 9 item scale with a 5-point Likert responses for each question. The items are scored by summing all items. Range of scores: 9-45. A higher score indicates greater acceptance of treatment.
Time frame: Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Patient Treatment Evaluation as assessed by Semi-structured Qualitative interviewing
Patient treatment evaluation is assessed by semi-structured interviewing. Qualitative feedback from participant experience will be assessed by thematic analyses.
Time frame: Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Daily intervention feedback questions
The daily intervention feedback questions are 7 items that assess the individuals feelings and experiences during that daily intervention session. 0-10 Likert scale Each item is it's own scale. Higher scores indicate more enjoyment/usefulness/demand/awareness/concern/mood.
Time frame: Baseline - Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Patient Treatment Evaluation as assessed by the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire
The Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire (USE, Lund, 2001) measures the subjective usability of a product or service. It is a 30-item survey that examines four dimensions of usability: usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. This metric can be applied to various scenarios of usability assessment because it is non-proprietary and technology-agnostic. is a 30 item survey. Each item is presented on a 7-point Likert scale from strongly disagree = 1 to strongly agree. = 7 Each subscale is calculated by averaging all items in subscale. Usefulness: items 1-8 Ease of use: items 9-19 Ease of Learning: items 20-23 Satisfaction: items 24-30 Range of scores for each subscale: 1-7 Scoring Interpretation: Higher score indicates greater usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use.
Time frame: Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Patient Treatment Evaluation as assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale
Patient treatment evaluation is assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Change. This is a one item 7 point Likert item assessing improvement of the participants overall status. Item responses: 1 = very much improved, 2 = much improved, 3 = minimally improved, 4 = no change, 5 = minimally worse, 6 = much worse, and 7 = very much worse
Time frame: Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)
Video Game Preferences as assessed by the BrainHex
Video game preferences will be assessed by the BrainHex. The BrainHex provides a tool for designing gameplay and understanding motivations for play.
Time frame: Final assessment (average 1 week post treatment)