The investigators propose to enhance the scalability of family-focused therapy (FFT), a 12-session evidence-based therapy for youth at high risk for mood disorders, through augmentation with a novel mobile phone application called MyCoachConnect (MCC). In adolescents with mood instability who have a parent with bipolar or major depressive disorder, clinicians in community clinics will conduct FFT sessions (consisting of psychoeducation and family skills training) supplemented by weekly MCC "real time" assessments of moods and family relationships; based on results of these assessments and the family's progress in treatment, clinicians will then push personalized informational and coaching alerts regarding the practice of communication and problem-solving skills. The investigators hypothesize that the augmented version of FFT (FFT-MCC) will be more effective than FFT without coaching/informational alerts in altering treatment targets and in stabilizing youths' mood symptoms and quality of life.
The investigative group has shown in several randomized trials that family-focused therapy (FFT) for symptomatic youth at high-risk for bipolar disorder - consisting of psychoeducation and family communication and problem solving skills training - is an effective adjunct to pharmacotherapy in hastening symptomatic recovery. However, between 50%-60% of high-risk youth still have residual mood symptoms and functional impairment after 18 weeks of FFT. In prior studies, two constructs have emerged as predictors of lack of response to treatment: mood instability in the child and expressed emotion (EE) in parents (i.e., frequent critical comments or hostility). In adolescents (ages 12-18) with a parent with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder, the investigators hypothesize that augmenting FFT with frequent and targeted interventions in the home setting through a Smartphone app (MyCoachConnect, or MCC) will (a) have a greater and more rapid impact than standard FFT on the targeted mechanisms of mood instability in adolescents and EE in parents, and (b) as a result, enhance symptom resolution and functioning in adolescents. To be eligible, adolescents must score high on parent-rated measures of mood instability, and have at least one parent who is high-EE by speech sample coding criteria. The MCC app will record weekly open speech samples from parents and children and daily and weekly mood ratings from adolescents. The app assessments will be fed back to the FFT clinician, who will use this information to "push" recommendations for mood regulation, communication, and problem-solving strategies (linked to the FFT modules) for parents and youth. In year 1, the investigators will conduct an open trial (n=25) to determine (a) the feasibility and acceptability of FFT with mobile coaching (FFT-MCC), as given by clinicians in community settings, and (b) associations between online/speech feature proxies of the targets (mood instability and EE as measured weekly by MCC) and standard measures of the targets. In years 2 and 3 the investigators will conduct a 60-case randomized clinical trial in which families are assigned to FFT with MCC skills coaching or FFT with MCC assessments only, with no skills coaching. The primary hypotheses are that FFT-MCC will be acceptable to parents, adolescents and clinicians, and more effective than FFT without MCC coaching in engaging the targets of mood instability and EE and promoting improvements in adolescents' mood symptoms and quality of life over 27 weeks. The study will facilitate the translation of a technological augmentation to an evidence-based family intervention, with the goal of increasing treatment access among families with mood disorders.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
65
12 sessions of family-focused therapy plus use of a mobile app that enhances the skill training taught in the sessions.
UCLA Child and Adolescent Mood Disorders Program, UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California, United States
Average Depression Symptom Scores Over 27 Weeks on the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation
Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Followup Evaluation (ALIFE), a measure of weekly depressive symptom fluctuation based on an interview with the child and parent (or parent unit). The primary outcome variable for this study is the average of the ALIFE weekly consensus ratings. For the ALIFE, an independent evaluator rates the child's level of depression each week for 27 weeks on a Psychiatric Status Rating (PSR) scale ranging from 1 (asymptomatic) to 6 (extremely symptomatic). Scores of 5 or higher are considered full syndromal (e.g., for major depressive disorder) and scores of 1-2 are considered remitted. For each of 27 weeks the evaluator provides a separate rating based on the child interview and parent interview and then calculates a weekly consensus rating per ALIFE developer guidelines.
Time frame: 27 weeks (average rating across this time period)
Mood Instability, as Rated by Parents and Children Using the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS)
Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS) is a 20-item parent-report survey that measures youth difficulty with affective regulation. Each item corresponds to a particular problem in affective regulation, with responses offered on a five-point scale ranging from 0 = Never or rarely occurs to 4 = 1 or more times a day). The total possible score is a sum of item scores and ranges from 0 to 80. Lower scores indicate less affective lability. In this study, a score of 20 or higher was used to indicate high mood instability.
Time frame: Outcomes scores at 27 weeks
Expressed Emotion in Parents From the Five Minute Speech Sample
Parental expressed emotion is a measure of critical comments, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement. The primary instrument in this study is the Five Minute Speech Sample, which is scored by an independent evaluator on number of criticisms, presence/absence of hostility, or over-involvement. One critical comment or a rating of present for hostility or over-involvement means the parent is rated high in expressed emotion, and low expressed emotion otherwise.
Time frame: Count of participants with primary parent rated high in expressed emotion at 27 weeks.
Free Speech Samples Coded Using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count System.
Callers are asked to speak for 3-5 minutes about how they are doing and whether anything has gone well or whether they have had difficulties. The samples will be transcribed and coded via the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count. The goal is to measure whether mood instability and expressed emotion can be captured from weekly free speech call-ins by parents or youth.
Time frame: weekly call-ins, with linguistic counts of negative or positive words tabulated each week for 27 weeks.
Children's Global Assessment of Functioning
The Children's Global Assessment of Functioning is a 1-100 rating of level of psychosocial functioning in the past 2 weeks. Higher scores indicate better functioning.
Time frame: Means are reported at 27 weeks (study endpoint)
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.