Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontitis and Mortality: 30-year Cohort Study From Sweden

University of Helsinki1,080 enrolled

Overview

Smoking and dual using associated with poor periodontal health.

Aim: To investigate how snuff use, smoking and risk behaviour affect periodontal health and mortality in a Swedish cohort, hypothesizing that they indeed have a poor impact and increase the risk of death. Material and methods: Study cohort of 1080 subjects aged 31 to 40 years (528 men and 552 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined in 1985 and followed for mortality until 2015. Associations between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death were analysed by classifying all subjects into four groups: "dual-users" (current snuffers and current smokers); "pure snuffers" (current non-smoking snuffers); "pure smokers" (current non-snuffing smokers) and "non-users" (non-snuffers, non-smokers). SPSS was used for analyses.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

1,080

Conditions

Tobacco Use Periodontitis

Interventions

QestinnairesBEHAVIORAL

Questionnaires

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 31 YearsMax age: 40 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. Subjects had different socio-economic and health backgrounds. Exclusion Criteria: * Other people. Any disease was not an exclusion criteria.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Deep periodontal pockets (5mm or over)

Periodontal pockets were measured from all teeth and from six surfaces with a Hu-Friedy (PCPUNC 15) periodontal probe (Hu-friedy, Chicago, Ill., USA).

Time frame: 1985

Calculus index

Calculus index was scored from 0 (no calculus) to 3 (abundant calculus) according to Greene \& Vermillion.

Time frame: 1985

Missing teeth

Missing teeth were calculated my dentist in clinical examination.

Time frame: 1985

Premature death

The Swedish National Death Register listing the cumulated causes of all deaths was used in the analyses.

Time frame: From year 1985 to year 2015

Plaque index

Plaque index was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque).

Time frame: 1985

Gingival index

Gingival index was scored from 0 (no gum bleeding) to 3 (abundant gum bleeding).

Time frame: 1985

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.