Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma

Overview

Background: Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer. Blood cell transplant can cure some people with lymphoma. Researchers want to see if they can limit the complications transplant can cause. Objective: To test if a stem cell transplant can cure or control lymphoma. Also to test if new ways of getting a recipient ready for a transplant may result in fewer problems and side effects. Eligibility: Recipients: People ages 12 and older with peripheral T cell lymphoma that does not respond to standard treatments Donors: Healthy people ages 18 and older whose relative has lymphoma Design: Participants will be screened with: Physical exam Blood and urine tests Bone marrow biopsy: A needle inserted into the participant s hip bone will remove marrow. Donors will also be screened with: X-rays Recipients will also be screened with: Lying in scanners that take pictures of the body Tumor sample Donors may donate blood. They will take daily shots for 5 7 days. They will have apheresis: A machine will take blood from one arm and take out their stem cells. The blood will be returned into the other arm. Recipients will be hospitalized at least 2 weeks before transplant. They will get a catheter: A plastic tube will be inserted into a vein in the neck or upper chest. They will get antibody therapy or chemotherapy. Recipients will get the transplant through their catheter. Recipients will stay in the hospital several weeks after transplant. They will get blood transfusions. They will take drugs including chemotherapy for about 2 months. Recipients will have visits 6, 12, 18, 24 months after transplant, then once a year for 5 years.

Background: * Mature neoplasms of T and/or natural killer cells, collectively called peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), are often poorly responsive to chemotherapy and therefore associated with significant morbidity and mortality. * Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has the potential to cure PTCL but the optimal approach to HCT for these diseases requires ongoing investigation Objectives: * For subjects on the reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC/mRIC) arms, to estimate the progression-free survival * For subjects on the immunosuppression-only conditioning (IOC) and ATL/RIC arms, because they are high risk patients, to preliminarily estimate the proportion who are progression free at one year. Eligibility: * Patients age \>= 12 years * PTCL that is relapsed or refractory to prior therapy and/or PTCL of a risk score where upfront allo HCT in first remission is reasonable (PIT score of intermediate-low risk or higher or supported by clinical practice guidelines1) * At least one potentially suitable 7-8/8 HLA-matched related or unrelated donor (at HLA A, B, C, and DR), or an HLA-haploidentical related donor * Adequate end-organ function * Not pregnant or breastfeeding Design: * There will be four recipient treatment arms that vary in approach, although all with the same backbone of conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis: * Immunosuppression-only conditioning (IOC) arm for high-risk subjects * Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) arm for those deemed not high-risk and able to tolerate RIC and without adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) * mRIC arm for patients eligible for the RIC arm, as a modified expansion upon completion of the RIC arm * ATL-RIC arm for patients with a diagnosis of ATL * IOC arm: equine anti-thymocyte globulin (e-ATG) 40 mg/kg/day IV on days -14 and -13, pentostatin 4 mg/m2/day IV on days -9 and -5, low-dose cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) orally daily on days -9 through -2 --Subjects will be assigned to the IOC arm if there is significant end-organ dysfunction present and it is felt that a conditioning regimen that includes busulfan would likely be associated with intolerable or life-threatening toxicities for the patient. Patients will also be assigned to the IOC arm if they possess a DNA repair defect, telomere maintenance defect, or familial cancer predisposition syndrome that necessitates limiting chemotherapy as much as possible to prevent future cancer risk. * RIC arm: e-ATG 40 mg/kg/day IV on days -14 and -13, pentostatin 4 mg/m2/day IV on days -11 and -7, low-dose cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) orally daily on days -11 through - 4; busulfan IV, pharmacokinetically dosed, on days -3 and -2. * mRIC arm: e-ATG 40 mg/kg/day IV on days -14 and -13, pentostatin 4 mg/m2/day IV on days -11 and -7, low-dose cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) orally daily on days -11 through - 4; busulfan IV, pharmacokinetically dosed, on days -3 and -2, filgrastim or biosimilar drug 5 mcg/kg/day subcutaneous on days -12, -8, and -4. * ATL-RIC arm: e-ATG 40 mg/kg/day IV on days -14 and -13, pentostatin 4 mg/m2/day IV on days -11 and -7, low-dose cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) orally daily on days -11 through -4; busulfan IV, pharmacokinetically dosed, on days -3 and -2, filgrastim or biosimilar drug 5 mcg/kg/day subcutaneous on days -12, -8, and -4, ruxolitinib 45 mg/day from day -12 through day -2, and zidovudine 300 mg orally three times a day from day -1 through day +50. * Peripheral blood stem cells are the preferred graft source, although bone marrow is permitted * GVHD prophylaxis: Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) on days +3 and +4 (50 mg/kg/day on RIC arm, mRIC, and ATL-RIC arms and 25 mg/kg/day on the IOC arm, with the option of 25 mg/kg/day on the RIC arm). Sirolimus on days +5 through +60 (RIC arm, mRIC arm, IOC arm). Patients with somatic mutations in the Akt/mTOR pathway may receive tacrolimus days +5 through +60 instead of sirolimus on the RIC, mRIC, or IOC arms. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on days +5 through +25 on the RIC, IOC, and mRIC arms; MMF will not be given on the ATL-RIC arm. Patients on the ATL-RIC arm will receive tacrolimus on days +5 through +50 and ruxolitinib 15 mg/day from days +5 through +35, 10 mg/day from days +36 through +60, and 5 mg/day from days +61 through +70.