Phase 4 Study in Adult Subjects Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgeries

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18-75 years old at the time of screening. 2. Primary surgical indication is related to spinal degenerative disease, including any of the following: 1. Spinal stenosis 2. Spondylolisthesis 3. Radiculopathy/instability disc disorders 4. Degenerative disc disease 3. Medically cleared for elective spine surgery. 4. Scheduled to undergo: 1. Elective (i.e., not emergency) 2. Lumbosacral (i.e., L1-S1) 3. Posterior approach with posterior instrumentation 5. Cohort 1 - Open only: Open or mini-open surgical technique with: 1. 1-level (i.e., spanning 2 vertebrae) or 2-level (i.e., spanning 3 contiguous vertebrae) 2. Primary fusion or revision fusion 3. Open or mini-open surgical technique 6. Cohort 2 - Tubular or percutaneous cohort only: 1. 1-level (i.e., spanning 2 vertebrae) or 2-level (i.e., spanning 3 contiguous vertebrae) 2. Primary fusion or revision fusion 3. Tubular or percutaneous surgical technique 7. Cohort 3 - Lumbar decompression without fusion outpatient cohort only: 1. Radiculopathy 2. Spinal stenosis 8. Able to provide informed consent and adhere to all study assessments and visit schedule Exclusion Criteria: 1. Serious spinal pathology determined by Investigator that might meaningfully affect postsurgical outcomes, including any of the following: 1. Suspected cauda equina syndrome (e.g., bowel/bladder involvement) 2. Infection 3. Tumor 4. Fracture 5. Systemic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy 2. Contraindication to local anesthesia according to the clinical judgment of the Investigator and based on the EXPAREL label. 3. Patients who most likely will require patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps in EXPAREL group. 4. Anterior surgical approaches, including any of the following: 1. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) 2. Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) 3. Anterior-posterior or 360º fusion 5. Lateral surgical approaches, including any of the following: 1. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) 2. Direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF) 6. High-dose presurgical opioid use: a) Mean daily intake greater than 100 mg mEq PO in the past 30 days 7. Known allergy, hypersensitivity, or contraindication to any of the following study medications: 1. Bupivacaine 2. EXPAREL 3. Tylenol (acetaminophen) 4. Robaxin 5. 2 or more NSAIDs 6. 2 or more gabapentinoids 7. 2 or more rescue opioids (e.g., oxycodone, morphine, hydromorphone) 8. 2 or more medications for postoperative nausea, vomiting, or pruritus (e.g., dexamethasone, ondansetron) 8. History of severely impaired renal or hepatic function. 9. Severe chronic pain that requires analgesic treatment, and in the opinion of the principal Investigator, is likely to meaningfully affect postsurgical outcomes. 10. Subjects that have implanted spinal cord stimulator or intrathecal drug pump. 11. Any neurologic or psychiatric disorder that might impact postsurgical pain or interfere with study assessments per Investigator discretion. 12. Malignancy in the last 2 years. 13. History of misuse, abuse, or dependence on opioid analgesics, other prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol as defined in DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). Dependence or chronic opioid use will be defined as use of more than 30 morphine equivalents per day during the prior 90 days. 14. Currently pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant during the study or within 1 month after study drug administration. 15. Body Mass Index \< 17 kg/m2 or \>44 kg/m2 at screening 16. Subjects receiving Worker's Compensation for disability or who are involved in other litigation related to the spine. 17. Planned concurrent surgical procedure. 18. Previous participation in an EXPAREL study. 19. Administration of any investigational drug within 30 days or 5 elimination half-lives of such investigational drug, whichever is longer, prior to study drug administration, or planned administration of another investigational product or procedure during the subject's participation in this study. In addition, the subject might be excluded from the study prior to study drug infiltration if one of the following criteria during the surgical procedure is met: 1. Unable to place planned surgical instrumentation 2. Poor fixation at the time of surgical instrumentation In addition, the subject must be considered an early termination if one of the following criteria after the surgical procedure is met: 1. An incision size \>20 cm 2. Autograft taken from a harvest site other than surgical site (i.e., iliac crest autograft) 3. Intraoperative complications likely to meaningfully affect postsurgical outcomes, including any of the following: 1. Clinically significant and prolonged (i.e., \>24 hours) neurologic deficit (e.g., foot drop) 2. Dural tear or suspected dural tear requiring bed rest (exception: subject will be allowed if the dural tear is fixed as per SOC of the institution during surgery) 3. Extensive bleeding (i.e., \>1,000 mL blood loss) 4. Symptomatic epidural hematoma