Physical inactivity has reached pandemic proportions and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Of particular concern is that most middle to older age adults fall far short of recommendations for health enhancing physical activities. This research takes a novel approach to tackling this problem by combining mindfulness with behavioral strategies in a unique 'Mindful Movement' program offered collaboratively with the YMCA.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
176
The program focuses on enhancing individuals' mindfulness capabilities and skills, specifically attention regulation, body awareness, emotional regulation, and shifts in self-perception, by providing opportunities for education, practice, and social suppo
This community-based educational program provides participants useful content focused on general health related topics including common chronic conditions, social support, social participation, cancer screening, immunization and keeping active.
YMCA Burnsville
Burnsville, Minnesota, United States
YMCA Southdale
Edina, Minnesota, United States
YMCA Cora McCorvey
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
YMCA Midway
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Baseline
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Baseline
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Baseline
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Baseline
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Baseline
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Baseline
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Baseline
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Baseline
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Baseline
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Baseline
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Baseline
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 9 weeks
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 26 weeks
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 52 weeks
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 9 weeks
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 26 weeks
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 52 weeks
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Baseline
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
Telehealth Usability Questionnaire
Participant views of the remote intervention platform (Zoom video-conferencing system) were assessed using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The TUQ assesses usability with 21 questions rated on a 1 to 7 scale. The overall score is an average of all items with higher scores indicating higher usability of the telehealth system.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt uncomfortable with the facilitators. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt uncomfortable with certain participants in the group. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher bond with the group.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI task sub-scale asking participants how often they felt confused by what they were being asked to do in the sessions. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher task alliance with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators liked them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators were genuinely concerned for their welfare. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators respected them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators appreciated them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt confident the facilitators could help them if needed. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt their relationship with the facilitators was very important to them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 26 weeks
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 52 weeks
Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Intervention
The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessments exploring dislikes and barriers to participation in the intervention.
Time frame: 9 weeks
Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Facilitators to Intervention
The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessment exploring likes and facilitators to participation in the intervention.
Time frame: 9 weeks
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