Tonsillectomies are the second most common surgery with over half a million procedures in the United States for 2006. Tonsillectomies are considered a painful surgical procedure performed on children resulting in pain and nausea/vomiting for up to 7 days postoperatively. Up until recently, doctors have been prescribing upwards of ten days' worth of opioid pain medication for children following tonsillectomies due to the high incidence of pain expected afterwards. Effective July 1st, 2018, new laws regarding opioid restrictions came into place that restricted doctor's abilities to write for more than three days' worth of opioid pain medication without having to fill out sizeable amounts of additional paperwork. This law was put in place to combat the ongoing opioid epidemic that plagues this country. What the investigators are left with for the treatment of pain following these procedures are simply Tylenol and Motrin with a limited amount of opioid. With this being considered a highly painful surgery with a difficult recovery, more options are needed to effectively treat pain and reduce the incidence of emergency room visits and phone calls to the clinic regarding pain control in the postoperative period. Studies in Europe have shown that honey is an effective adjunct treatment option in the reduction of pain in pediatric postoperative tonsillectomies. These studies are few and far between and more research needs to be conducted to validate these claims particularly in the United States where research on this subject has been extremely limited. Further, the extent to which families and health care providers in the United States would be receptive to using honey for children's postoperative pain is unclear since honey is considered a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
230
Will give patients and families included in the honey standard of care group 40 packets of hospital approved honey to implement in the tonsillectomy post-operative care of the child
Patients will receive standard post operative medications per surgeon
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Pain scores as assessed by the Numerical Rating scale in participants who are given honey.
Parents will use the Numerical Rating scale to assess their Childs pain. The range is 0-10, 0=No pain and 10 = Worst pain ever. This scale is used for patients who are developmentally able (ages 9 and up)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Pain scores as assessed by the Wong-Baker FACES scale in participants who are given honey.
Parents will use the FACES pain scale. They will have the child choose between a range of faces that indicate a pain score of 0-10, 0 (a smiling face) = no pain and 10 (crying face) = worst pain ever. This scale is used for patients who are developmentally able (ages 3-9)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Pain scores as assessed by the FLACC scale in participants who are given honey.
Parents will use use the FLACC pain scale, 0 = No pain and 10 = Worst pain ever. This scale will be used in children who developmentally can not rate their own pain (ages 2 months to 7 years)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Pain scores as assessed by the Numerical Rating scale in participants who receive standard of care (Tylenol, motoring & oxycodone).
Parents will use the numerical rating scale to assess their Childs pain. The range is 0-10, 0=No pain and 10 = Worst pain ever. This scale is used for patients who are developmentally able (ages 9 and up)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Pain scores as assessed by the Wong-Baker FACES scale in participants who receive standard of care (Tylenol, motoring & oxycodone).
Parents will use the FACES pain scale. They will have the child choose between a range of faces that indicate a pain score of 0-10, 0 (a smiling face) = no pain and 10 (crying face) = worst pain ever. This scale is used for patients who are developmentally able (ages 3-9)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Pain scores as assessed by the FLACC scale in participants who receive standard of care (Tylenol, motoring & oxycodone).
Parents will use use the FLACC pain scale, 0 = No pain and 10 = Worst pain ever. This scale will be used in children who developmentally can not rate their own pain (ages 2 months to 7 years)
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Nausea scores as assessed by the baxter barf scale in participants who receive honey.
Parents will use the baxter barf scale by selecting or having their child select a face that represents nausea on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 = no nausea and 10 = actively vomiting.
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Nausea scores as assessed by the baxter barf scale in participants who receive standard of care.
Parents will use the baxter barf scale by selecting or having their child select a face that represents nausea on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 = no nausea and 10 = actively vomiting.
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
Beliefs and receptiveness of patient families to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and use of honey.
Families will be given a CAM questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire asks families to rate on a scale of strongly disagree to strongly agree and asks questions like "The more knowledge a person has about CAM, the more likely they are to use it" and "There are less side effects when taking natural remedies" Families who select strongly disagree = they definitely do not agree with the statement. If they select strongly agree = they very much agree with the statement. Families will get this survey at the beginning of the study and get it again at the end to evaluate if their statement responses have changed. The beliefs and attitudes toward CAM were measured based on a 7-point Likert scale, with 1 representing strongly agree and 7 representing strongly disagree; mean scores and standard deviation were calculated for each of the 13 items.
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
The relation between the beliefs and receptiveness of nursing staff to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and use of honey.
Nursing staff will receive a voluntary survey containing the CAM belief scale. The survey asks nurses to rate on a scale of Strongly disagree to Strongly agree and asks questions such as "I assess my patient for CAM use" or "I believe that CAM has a role in my practice." Strongly disagree = they definitely do not agree with the statement, strongly agree = They strongly agree with the statement. The beliefs and attitudes toward CAM were measured based on a 7-point Likert scale, with 1 representing strongly agree and 7 representing strongly disagree; mean scores and standard deviation were calculated for each of the 13 items.
Time frame: Baseline to 3 weeks
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