Replication of the CANVAS Diabetes Trial in Healthcare Claims

Please see: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1WD618wrywYjEaXzfLTcuK-VCcnb6b-gV for full code and algorithm definitions. Eligible cohort entry dates: 4/1/2013-12/31/2016 (market availability of sitagliptin in the U.S. started on 10/17/2006). For Optum, 4/1/2013-9/30/2017. Inclusion Criteria: * Man or woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with glycated hemoglobin level ≥7.0% to≤10.5% at screening and be either 1. not currently on antihyperglycemic agent (AHA) therapy or 2. on AHA monotherapy or combination therapy with any approved class of agents: e.g., sulfonylurea, metformin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, or insulin. * Age ≥30 years with documented symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease * Age ≥50 years with 2 or more of the following risk factors determined at the screening visit Exclusion Criteria: * History of diabetic ketoacidosis, type 1 diabetes, pancreas or beta-cell transplantation, or diabetes secondary to pancreatitis or pancreatectomy. * History of one or more severe hypoglycemic episode within 6 months before screening * Ongoing, inadequately controlled thyroid disorder. * Renal disease that required treatment with immunosuppressive therapy or a history of dialysis or renal transplant. * MI, unstable angina, revascularization procedure, or cerebrovascular accident within 3 months before screening, or a planned revascularization procedure, or history of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV cardiac disease. * Findings on 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) that would require urgent diagnostic evaluation or intervention * History of hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C antibody positive * Any history of or planned bariatric surgery. * History of malignancy within 5 years before screening * History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive. * Subject has a current clinically important hematological disorder (e.g., symptomatic anemia, proliferative bone marrow disorder, thrombocytopenia). * Major surgery (i.e., requiring general anesthesia) within 3 months of the screening visit or any surgery planned during the subject's expected participation in the study * Current use of other sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. * Current use of a corticosteroid medication or immunosuppressive agent, or likely to require treatment with a corticosteroid medication