SEEG Guided RF-TC v.s. ATL for mTLE With HS

Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of drug resistant epilepsy At least one or more anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) regular administered for more than 2 years, one of which was either Dilantin, Tegretol, Carbatrol, or Trileptal used in appropriate doses, have failed due to inefficacy, not intolerance Persistence of disabling seizures at least 3 times per 3 months or greater, and once or more in recent 1 month 14 years or older at enrollment Simple and complex partial seizures, with or without secondarily generalized seizures beginning in childhood or later, with or without febrile convulsions earlier Auras that occur in isolation and are not primary sensory other than olfactory or gustatory I.Q. of greater than 70 Hippocampal atrophy on MRI T1 imaging with increased ipsilateral mesial signal on T2 imaging Interictal EEG shows focal or lateralized spikes on temporal, frontal zone, or sphenoid electrode Ictal EEG onset is focal or lateralized on the ipsilateral side Ipsilateral temporal focal hypometabolism on PET Must be agreed by a consensus of ipsilateral mesial temporal origin by a multidisciplinary discussion Must be able to understand and speak Mandarin Exclusion criteria: A history of serious cerebral insult after the age of 5 A progressive neurological disorder; mental retardation (I.Q. less than 70) Psychogenic seizures Focal neurological deficits other than memory disturbances Any unexplained focal or lateralized neurological deficits other than memory dysfunction. Temporal neocortical or extratemporal lesions on MRI Psychosis, current or recent substance abuse, suicidality, anorexia, or psychogenic seizures Severe systemic diseases Unequivocal focal extratemporal EEG slowing or interictal spikes Lesions on MRI outside of the mesial temporal area Diffuse unilateral or bilateral hypometabolism on positron emission tomography (PET) Contralateral or extratemporal ictal onset Persistent extratemporal, or predominant contralateral focal interictal spikes or slowing, or generalized interictal spikes Patient who was included in any clinical trial Pregnancy