Phase II Trial in Elderly Patients With AML or MDS in Complete Remission Not Eligible for Allogenic Transplant

Inclusion Criteria: * Pts with de novo or secondary AML or with Int 2 or High risk MDS according to IPSS. * Pts unable or unfit to receive SCT from an HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-identical related (SIB) or unrelated (MUD), or HLA-haploidentical related (HAPLO) donor. * Hematologic CR (Appendix D) after 1 or 2 cycles of induction standard chemotherapy. * Successful collection of autologous PBSC: ≥ 5.0x10e6 /kg patient bodyweight (BW) * Age ≥ 65 years. * Performance status 0-2 ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), 60-100% Karnofsky (Appendix E). * Written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of AML M3. * Second concomitant malignancies. * Severe concomitant illnesses/medical conditions (e.g. impaired respiratory and/or cardiac function). * Known and manifested malignant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) * Active infectious disease * HIV- positivity or active hepatitis infection * Impaired liver function (bilirubin \> 1.5 x upper normal limit; transaminases \> 3.0 x upper normal limit) * Impaired renal function (creatinine-clearance \< 60 ml/min; serum creatinine \> 1.5 x upper normal limit). * Known hypersensitivity to treosulfan and/or cytarabine and/or fludarabine * Participation in another experimental drug trial within 4 weeks before day -6 * Non-cooperative behaviour or non-compliance * Psychiatric diseases or conditions that might impair the ability to give informed consent