This project will study the effect of practicing speech sounds via beatboxing on speech accuracy, engagement in therapy, and functional outcomes for older children and adolescents with speech sound disorders (SSDs). Though SSDs exhibited by young children are often considered, SSDs are among the most frequent communication disorders in school-aged and adolescent children. SSDs can persist until adulthood. Individuals exhibit residual speech errors (RSE) when speech sounds are produced incorrectly after the age of eight, the age at which speech production is expected to be error-free. Common RSE include /r/, /s/, and /z/, all of which have high frequency in American English. Beatboxing is a unique manipulation of the speech mechanism in which the individual creates repetitive, percussive and other instrumental sounds by actually being the instrument. Beatboxing is engaging and increasingly found in a variety of musical contexts and mainstream culture. The broad objective of this investigation is to explore the impact of beatboxing as an intervention tool on the speech produced and the functional outcomes attained by children with RSE compared to a traditional articulation therapy approach.The effect of a beatboxing intervention approach (BEAT-Speech) will be compared to traditional articulation therapy and employs a two-group pretest-posttest design. Specifically, the research aims to 1) assess the impact of beatboxing on speech sound production accuracy and amount of targets produced during therapy; 2) examine the relative level of client engagement of individuals exposed to beatboxing intervention; and 3) explore influences of beatboxing experiences on communication, activities, and participation in social and daily interactions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
BEAT-Speech integrates beatboxing techniques within speech-therapy services for individuals with speech sound disorders.
The traditional approach to treating speech sound disorders focus on one or two sounds at a time until they are mastered by the client. Perceptual and production training are used with target starting at simple (isolation) and moving to more complex (sentences). A variety of cues such as shaping and phonetic placement cues are used.
Speech sound accuracy: dichotomous ratings
rated by naive, blinded raters
Time frame: within two years
Speech sound accuracy: visual analog scale ratings
rated by naive, blinded raters, will mark accuracy on a scale from 0-100 mm (not at all accurate to completely accurate). There is no formal name to this scale at this time given that it is novel to the study.
Time frame: within two years
Phonetic accuracy
% of consonants correct determined by phonetic transcription completed by trained transcribers
Time frame: within two years
therapeutic engagement level
measured via clinician ratings and naive, blinded raters who will code nonverbal behaviors associated with engagement/disengagement
Time frame: within two years
Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating
five item quantitative questionnaire completed by instructors only after final session
Time frame: within two years
Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Rating Scale
single item questionnaire completed by instructors after each treatment session
Time frame: within two years
PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) Pediatric Peer Relationship Scale
questionnaire completed by participants to assess impact of treatment on social activities and participation. Scale is from 0-4 which is from worse to best outcome.
Time frame: within two years
Adolescent Communication Questionnaire
assesses self-efficacy/individual's belief in their ability to make change and succeed in therapy. Scale is fro 1 to 5 with the lowest number being associated with the greatest amount of negative impact to the highest number being associated with no impact.
Time frame: within two years
Qualitative interview regarding functional outcomes
phenomenological approach to better understanding themes associated with this novel therapy approach and traditional therapy approach
Time frame: within two years
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