Visual Outcomes and the Predictive Factors in Chinese Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Ranibizumab

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\) patients (aged\>18 years) with DME who had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/32 and 20/200, and CRT≥300μm; 2) clinically significant DME confirmed by both fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Spectralis HRA+OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Germany); 3) decreased vision caused by foveal thickening from DME, which could not be explained by any other cause. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\) previous anti-VEGF or laser treatment; 2) proliferative diabetic retinopathy who required immediate panretinal photocoagulation; 3) active proliferative diabetic retinopathy; 4) other causes for macular edema, for example, branch retinal vein occlusion; 5) other causes of visual loss in the study; 6) unstable systemic conditions, for example, uncontrolled blood pressure, stroke, renal or kidney failure.