The aim of this prospective, randomized clinical study is to compare the frequency and intensity of post-operative pain after root canal treatment with ultrasonically-activated or laser-activated irrigation.
Patients older than 18 years who require root canal treatment of an asymptomatic tooth with vital or necrotic pulp are included. Those teeth are subjected to root canal treatment using hand and rotating/reciprocating instruments, in combination with irrigation (3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA). After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth are randomly allocated to one of the following groups, according to the final irrigant activation: * Ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), with an Irrisafe file (Satelec Acteon, Mérignac, France) held 1-3mm from working length, driven by an ultrasonic device, activated for 3 x 20 seconds. In between each 20-second cycle, each canal is rinsed with 1 mL NaOCl and finally with 2 mL. * Laser-activated irrigation (LAI), with the tip of a pulsed Er:YAG laser (2940 nm, Fidelis II, Fotona) held above the canal entrance, activated for 2 x 30s. Settings are 20 Hz, 50 μs, 20 mJ. In between each 30-second cycle, each canal is rinsed with 1 mL NaOCl and finally with 2 mL. The canals are then dried using paper points and obturated with gutta percha and an epoxy resin sealer using warm vertical condensation. Finally, the endodontic access is sealed with a provisional or permanent filling. The patient is asked to keep a pain diary after the treatment, indicating postoperative pain on a visual analogue scale at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. Pain medication (Ibuprofen 400mg) is prescribed, and the intake of analgesic tablet is recorded at the same times. Pre-Treatment Procedure * Medical + dental history * Clinical examination: sensibility tests, percussion, palpation, mobility, pockets measurement * Radiographic examination * Pulpal and periapical diagnosis * Intensity of pre-op pain on 100mm VAS scale * Patient information and informed consent * Explanation on how to complete the pain diary and how and when to return it Endodontic Protocol * Anesthesia * Rubber dam, disinfection of operative field * Removal of caries and/or defective restorations * Access cavity * Build-up to provide a reservoir for the irrigation if necessary * Crown-down preparation * Length determination * Apical enlargement Irrigation protocol * 3% NaOCl * 17% EDTA when shaping completed * Irrigation throughout the whole procedure with 27G notched-end needle 2 - 3 mm from WL
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
56
The root canals and the pulp chamber are filled with NaOCl 3%. Per canal, the laser tip is placed above the root canal entrance and activated (frequency 20 Hz, pulse energy 20 mJ and pulse length 50 μs) for 30s. TThe canal is then rinsed with NaOCl using a 27G needle, followed by a second application of laser, identical to the first.
The root canals and the pulp chamber are filled with NaOCl 3%. An Irrisafe file, driven by an ultrasonic unit according to the manufacturers' instructions, is held at 1-3 mm from WL (precurved if canal is curved) and activated for 30 s. The canal is then rinsed with NaOCl using a 27G needle. This cycle is repeated three times (i.e. 3\*20s).
Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent
Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
Level of post-operative pain after 24 hours
Self-reported pain intensity at 24h after intervention, indicated on a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale. The VAS is a straight line with one end (point 0) meaning no pain and the other end( point 10) meaning the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 24 hours after intervention
Level of post-operative pain after 6 hours
Self-reported pain intensity at 6h after intervention, indicated on a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale. The VAS is a straight line with one end (point 0) meaning no pain and the other end( point 10) meaning the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 6 hours after intervention
Level of post-operative pain after 48 hours
Self-reported pain intensity at 48h after intervention, indicated on a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale. The VAS is a straight line with one end (point 0) meaning no pain and the other end( point 10) meaning the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 48 hours after intervention
Level of post-operative pain after 72 hours
Self-reported pain intensity at 72h after intervention, indicated on a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale. The VAS is a straight line with one end (point 0) meaning no pain and the other end( point 10) meaning the worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 72 hours after intervention
Analgesic intake
Number of analgesic tablets (Ibuprofen 400mg) taken at 6, 24, 48 and 72h after intervention
Time frame: 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after intervention
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After rubber dam isolation and field disinfection, the pulp chamber is accessed. The root canal(s) is/are located and shaped using manual and mechanical NiTi instruments in combination with NaOCl (3%) irrigant. The canals are dried using paper points and obturated with gutta percha and epoxy resin sealer. The tooth is sealed with a temporary or permanent filling.