Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Overview

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether planned discharge training given by the nurse has an impact on beliefs about cardiovascular disease risk factors knowledge level, compliance to drug therapy, compliance to diet and self- monitoring in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background: Increasing frequency of AMI, discharge of patients without discharge training cause recurrence of the disease and death. Design: This study was done experimentally randomized controlled. Methods: The sample of the study includes 100 patients who were hospitalized due to AMI between September 2016 and December 2017 in coronary intensive care unit and cardiology department. The patients were divided into two groups according to random sampling method: intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50) groups. Planned discharge training was given to the intervention group. Two interviews were conducted with each group with a one month break. The data of the research were collected by using the Patient Information Form, Beliefs about Medication Compliance Scale (BMCS), Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale (BDCS) and Beliefs about Self-Monitoring Scale (BSMS) and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in all populations nowadays. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered to be the first cause of all deaths in the world. In 2017, 31% of the worldwide deaths (17.7 million) were caused by cardiovascular diseases. 80% of cardiovascular diseases are related to myocardial infarction (MI). It is thought that deaths due to cardiovascular diseases will reach 23.6 million in 2030. Myocardial infarction is an irreversible heart muscle necrosis caused by prolonged ischemia. There are many factors that are effective in the formation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is significant to know these factors that pose a risk to protection from this disease. Some of the risk factors can be changed and others include factors that are not possible to change. Risk factors that cannot be changed include individual features which are impossible to change; gender, age, family history, and presence of ACS in the history, biochemical or physiological features. In addition, risk factors that can be changed include obesity, low HDL-cholesterol level, high blood pressure, thrombogenic factors, hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, high plasma cholesterol, high plasma triglyceride level, stress, cholesterol-rich and high-calorie eating habits, smoking, consuming excess alcohol and sedentary life. In patients with myocardial infarction, the mortality rate was 10% in the first years and 5% in the following years. Nurses play a significant role in the development, maintenance and prevention of diseases. Individuals with cardiovascular diseases should be given appropriate training before being discharged from the hospital. Training plan in patient/family education should be planned according to individual's readiness to learn, learning needs, education levels and previous experiences. In the context of an effective training: in addition to basic information such as giving necessary information about the disease, cardiovascular risk factors and ways to reduce them, the importance of life change (drug use, healthy nourishment, smoking cessation, physical activity, etc.), regular policlinic control and guidance to cardiac rehabilitation program; information to meet the basic needs of the individual (return to work after MI, sexual life, housework, travel, driving, etc.) should be included. It is stated that the healing processes of the patients who are given discharge training have accelerated, and the number of recurrent applications to the hospital/policlinic has decreased and accordingly the patient care costs have decreased and the quality of care has increased.