Animal and Plant Proteins and Glucose Metabolism

University of Missouri-Columbia100 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this proposal is to determine the effect of a high protein diet in which the increase in protein intake is derived from different sources (animal vs plant and protein-rich whole foods vs protein isolates) on: i) liver and muscle insulin sensitivity; ii) the metabolic response to a meal, and iii) 24-h plasma concentration profiles of glucose, glucoregulatory hormones, and protein-derived metabolites purported to cause metabolic dysfunction.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

100

Conditions

Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome, Protection Against Glucose Metabolism Disorders

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 21 YearsMax age: 70 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * age: ≥21 and ≤70 years; * BMI: \>24.5 and \<32.5 kg/m2; * habitual protein intake \<0.9 g/kg/day (assessed on 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days by using the HealthWatch 360 app); and * weight stable (i.e., ≤3% change) and untrained (≤150 min of structured exercise/week) for at least 2 months before entering the study. Exclusion Criteria: * prediabetes or type 2 diabetes; * evidence of chronic kidney disease by medical history or laboratory tests (glomerular filtration rate \<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or an albumin to creatinine ratio in urine ≥30 mg/g); * vegetarians or vegans; * intolerance or allergies to ingredients in the metabolic meal or intervention diet; * take dietary supplements (e.g., pre- and probiotics, fiber, fish oil) or medications known to affect our study outcomes; * received antibiotic or antifungal treatment (which affect the microbiome and therefore microbial metabolite production) 2 months before entering the study; * consume tobacco products or excessive alcohol (women: \>14 drinks/week; men: \>21 drinks/week); * evidence of significant organ system dysfunction or diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), and * unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.