K0706 for Patients Diagnosed With Dementia With Lewy Bodies

Phase 2TerminatedNCT03996460

Georgetown University29 enrolled

Overview

This study evaluates the safety and tolerability of treatment with K0706 in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). The hypothesis is that K0706 will be safe and tolerable and that this drug will alter CSF and plasma biomarkers in DLB. Clinical assessments of cognitive, behavioral and motor functioning will also be evaluated. A total of 45 participants will be randomized 1:1:1 into 3 groups (n=15/per group) to be treated with sachet of 192 mg powder of K0706 ( equivalent to 96 mg capsule of K0706) or sachet of 384 mg powder of K0706 (equivalent to 192 capsule of K0706) or sachet of matching placebo ( equivalent to a capsule of placebo) for 12 weeks, followed by 4-week wash-out period.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is an alpha-synucleinopathy and the second most common form of dementia in the elderly. DLB shares striking neuropathological and clinical similarities with both Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DLB and PD are characterized by death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the nigro-striatal system and formation of intra-neuronal alpha-synuclein inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs). Misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates within LBs and apha-synuclein (SYN) is the highest genetic risk factor for PD and DLB followed by the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) . At autopsy alpha-synuclein, hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid plaques are all detected in the brains of individuals with DLB. Therefore, the neuropathology of DLB overlaps with both PD and AD, and includes alpha-synuclein accumulation in LBs, p-tau and beta-amyloid deposition . Potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, including alpha-synuclein, dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) , total tau and p-tau and amyloid beta peptides (Abeta 40/42) may be commonly shared in AD, PD and DLB. The core clinical features of DLB, include dementia and Parkinsonism in addition to hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorders (RBD) . L-Dopa replacement therapies and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may partially control motor and cognitive symptoms, respectively in DLB. Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotics manage the behavioral but worsen motor symptoms in DLB. There is a major unmet medical need for further research into DLB to identify potential therapies for this disease and provide significant insights into the treatment of other Parkinsonian and memory disorders. A major challenge facing DLB is to develop a therapy that can halt neuronal death and alleviate cognitive, motor and behavioral symptoms. No therapeutic approach exists to alter the levels of neurotoxic proteins such as alpha-synuclein and halt DA and other neuronal death in DLB. One mechanism to degrade neurotoxic proteins is autophagy , which is a process by which the cell can degrade its own contents. There is evidence that autophagy is impaired in neurodegeneration , leading to failure of degradation of protein aggregates, including misfolded alpha-synuclein. Importantly, autophagy is exploited therapeutically in several diseases, including adult chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce autophagy, leading to destruction of rapidly dividing tumor cells in CML and degradation of neurotoxic proteins, including alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid and p-tau in PD and AD models. Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited (SPARC Ltd.) is developing K0706, for the treatment of adult patients with chronic phase, accelerated phase, or blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that is resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy or Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) that is resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy; and its ability to slow down progression of PD. Using allometric scaling and an average human body weight of 70kg an oral dose of 15-30mg/kg once daily in mice corresponds to an oral human equivalent dose (HED) of 85-160 mg which is within the tolerated dose in both CML and PD. Therefore, the effects of a sachet of 192 mg powder of K0706 (equivalent to 96 mg capsule of K0706 ) and a sachet of 384 mg powder of K0706( equivalet to 192 mg capsule of K0706) and a sachet of matching placebo taken daily by mouth for 12 weeks, followed by a 4 week wash-out period will be evaluated in individuals diagnosed with DLB. The data obtained from this study will serve as a proof of concept for future placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in patients diagnosed with DLB, AD, or PD.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 25 YearsMax age: 90 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Written informed consent 2. Capable of providing informed consent and complying with study procedures. Subjects who are unable to provide consent may use a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) 3. Age of 25-90 years, medically stable 4. Clinical diagnosis of DLB according to McKeith et al (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592453) with both dementia MoCA≥14 and Parkinsonian defined as bradykinesia in combination with rest tremor, rigidity or both UPDRS I-III ≤ 50 and UPDRS-III between 20-40. 5. Dementia and Parkinsonism must be present with at least one other symptom such as fluctuation, visual hallucinations or REM sleep behavioral disorder (RBD) 6. Stable on Levodopa no more than 800mg daily, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, dopamine agonists for at least 6 weeks 7. Stable on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOA-B) for at least 4 weeks before enrollment and during the trial 8. Stable concomitant medical and/or psychiatric illnesses in the judgement of the PI 9. Corrected QT interval (QTc) 350-470 ms, inclusive 10. Participants must be willing to undergo Lumbar puncture (LP) at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Medical history of liver or pancreatic disease, GI ulcers and Chron's disease, kidney, GI, or blood problems 2. Abnormal liver function defined as Aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and/or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 100% the upper limit of the normal 3. Renal insufficiency as defined by a serum creatinine \> 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or proteinuria 4. History of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), clinically significant chronic hepatitis, or other active infection 5. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, or long QT syndrome- QTc≥471 ms or concomitant drugs known to prolong the QTc interval and history of any cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction or cardiac failure, angina, arrhythmia 6. History or presence of significant cardiac conditions including: cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or stroke), congestive heart failure, first, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, or other serious cardiac rhythm disturbances, any history of Torsade de Pointes. 7. Treatment with any of the following drugs at the time of screening or the preceding 30 days, and/or planned use over the course of the trial: Treatment with Class IA or III antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g. quinidine), treatment with QT prolonging drugs (www.crediblemeds.org)- excluding SSRIs (e.g. Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Duloxetine, Trazodone, etc.). Should treatment with any of these agents be required, therapy with K0706 should be interrupted. 8. Females must not be lactating, pregnant or with possible pregnancy 9. Clinical signs indicating syndromes other than DLB including, AD idiopathic PD, corticobasal degeneration, supranuclear gaze palsy, multiple system atrophy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, signs of frontal dementia, history of stroke, head injury or encephalitis, cerebellar signs, early severe autonomic involvement, Babinski sign 10. Current evidence or history in past two years of epilepsy, focal brain lesion, head injury with loss of consciousness or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition ( DSM-IV) criteria for any active major psychiatric disorder including psychosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, alcohol or substance abuse 11. Evidence of any significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding that renders the participant unsuitable for receiving an investigational drug including clinically significant or unstable hematologic, hepatic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, metabolic, renal or other systemic disease or laboratory abnormality. 12. Active neoplastic disease, history of cancer five years prior to screening, including breast cancer (history of skin melanoma or stable prostate cancer are not exclusionary) 13. Contraindications to LP: prior lumbosacral spine surgery, severe degenerative joint disease or deformity of the spine, platelets \< 100,000, use of Coumadin/warfarin, or history of a bleeding disorder. 14. Must not be on any immunosuppressant medications 15. Must not be enrolled as an active participant in another clinical study.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Evidence of Treatment-emergent Adverse Effects (Safety and Tolerability)

The investigators will determine safety and tolerability by using the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) of interest, including myelosuppression, urinary, pancreatic and hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal (GI), kidney disorders, Corrected QT-interval (QTc)prolongation as per SPARC Ltd Investigator Brochure (IB).

Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Measurement of Plasma Biomarkers in DLB Patients

DLB related plasma biomarkers, including alpha-synuclein, HVA, DOPAC were measured at Baseline and 12 weeks.

Time frame: Baseline, End of Treatment (EOT), and the change between baseline and EOT

Measurement of Biomarker Concentration in CSF

Concentration of DLB related CSF biomarkers, including HVA, DOPAC, Abeta40/42, total tau, ptau231/181 and total and oligomeric alpha-synuclein were measured at Baseline and 12 weeks.

Time frame: Baseline, End of Treatment (EOT) (12 weeks), and the change between baseline and EOT

Measurement of Plasma Biomarkers in DLB Patients

Ratio of HVA to Dopamine, and Dopamine to HVA in the plasma at Baseline, and 12 weeks The ratio of HVA to DA is a biochemical marker used to measure dopamine turnover, reflecting the rate at which dopamine is synthesized, released, and subsequently broken down in the central nervous system. High Ratio: Indicates rapid metabolism/degradation of dopamine. Low Ratio: May suggest lower turnover or reduced activity in dopaminergic pathways. HVA/DOPAC Ratio (Optimal): 0.1 - 1.8.; a ratio above 1.8 suggests accelerated turnover, typically seen in Parkinson's Disease

Time frame: Baseline, End of Treatment (EOT), and the change between baseline and EOT

Measurement of CSF Biomarkers in DLB Patients

Ratio of DLB related CSF biomarkers, including Abeta42 to Abeta40, phospho-Tau(181) to Abeta42, and phospho-tau181 to Total Tau at Baseline and 12 weeks. Ab42/Ab40 ratio is a biomarker used to assess Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. A lower ratio indicates a higher likelihood of amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain and AD pathology. The ptau(181)/Ab42 ratio is a clinical biomarker used to identify AD pathology by measuring the balance between tau protein phosphorylation and amyloid-beta accumulation. Higher ratio values typically indicate a higher likelihood of amyloid and tau pathology in the brain. P-tau181 and its ratio to total tau (t-tau) or other amyloid markers are effective indicators of AD pathology. Reference Range/Ratio: A 95% reference interval for the p-tau181/t-tau ratio has been reported as 0.38-6.34, with higher values indicating a higher likelihood of AD pathology.