The incentive spirometer (IS) is a mechanical device that helps lung expansion. It is commonly used to prevent postoperative lung atelectasis and decreased pulmonary complications in patients who received cardiac, lung, or abdomen surgery.This study aimed to explore the effect of the IS on the improvement of lung function and decrease in pulmonary complication rate in rib fractures patients.
Adult patients (\>18 years old) seen at our institution between June, 2014 until May, 2017 with traumatic rib fractures were included. For inclusion, a patient had to have at least one rib fracture as detected by chest X-ray (CXR) or computed tomography scan. We excluded patients with unconsciousness, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16. Patients were divided into two groups using a randomized envelope technique: in the study group, patients were advised to use the IS and in the control group patients did not received the IS. All patients were managed with the same oral analgesic protocol. A CXR was obtained on the 1st and 5th day of admission and performed by a radiologist. The Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was administered on the 2nd and 7th day of admission and performed by a pulmonologist. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to define the severity of chest pain on the 1st and 5th day of admission.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
50
patients were instructed how to use the IS in a seated or semi-seated position, and to maintain sustained maximal inspiration for 3-5 seconds before exhalation, ten times per hour, and for at least eight hours a day.
pulmonary complication rate
atelectasis, pneumonia, hemothorax, and pneumothorax
Time frame: 2 weeks after trauma
1st lung function test
forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second
Time frame: 2nd day of admission
2nd lung function test
forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second
Time frame: 7th day of admission
length of hospital stay
total stay in hospital after trauma
Time frame: total hospital stay days up to 2 months after admission
1st Pain score
Numerical Pain Rating Scale of chest pain, from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain)
Time frame: 1st day of admission
2nd Pain score
Numerical Pain Rating Scale of chest pain, from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain)
Time frame: 5th day of admission
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