Human-Animal Interaction to Promote Recovery Following Pediatric Brain Injury

Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati4 enrolled

Overview

This study evaluates the addition of therapy dogs in inpatient physical and occupational therapy. Data will be collected across 10 PT and 10 OT sessions, half of which will incorporate a therapy dog.

Children with acquired brain injuries (ABI) treated on an inpatient rehabilitation unit are at significant risk for long term functional impairment, highlighting the importance of maximizing the effectiveness and utilization of inpatient rehabilitation therapies. The proposed study seeks to explore the value of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) during inpatient rehabilitation following pediatric ABI. Investigators will employ a within subjects cross-over trial; all participants will have a volunteer dog involved in 50% of their physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) sessions over a 2-week study period. AAT will consist of integration of a dog from the hospital volunteer dog program in PT and OT sessions, while the non-AAT condition will be treatment as usual (TAU) as identified by the patients' treatment team. Information regarding patient engagement/participation in therapy, affect, and physiological variables will be collected during each session. Session notes will also be coded for additional qualitative information. Qualitative feedback from patients and families, therapists, medical teams, and dog handlers will also be collected throughout the project to examine feasibility and satisfaction with the intervention as well as potential barriers and areas for improvement. Investigators will 1) examine the effect of AAT on level of patient participation and patient affect during PT and OT sessions, 2) Explore the effect of AAT on functional outcomes using a historic cohort comparison group, and 3) explore the physiological response of patients, and examine a number of variables (injury type/severity, child sex and anthropomorphism, therapist factors, and dog handler factors) to begin to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from AAT during inpatient rehabilitation for ABI.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Brain Injuries Acquired Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury

Interventions

AAT - DogOTHER

therapy dog added to inpatient PT and OT session

TAU - No DogOTHER

PT and OT as usual without the addition of therapy dog

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 6 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis: Participants must be on the inpatient rehabilitation unit for treatment of an acquired brain injury (TBI, brain tumor, infection, stroke, etc) * Consent: The family must provide informed consent by parents or legal guardians * Assent: The adolescent must provide a signature indicating assent to participate in the study. * Age at time of screening: 6 years old and older with no upper limit * Responsiveness: Rancho score greater than 2 (or equivalent) at the time of enrollment (as noted in medical chart) Exclusion Criteria: * Animals: Participant has a significant allergy to dogs or have a significant fear of dogs. * Disease: Participant has a communicable disease that may pose a risk to dog or dog handler or a compromised immune system where interacting with dog and/or handler would be of significant risk to patient. * Responsiveness: Rancho score of 2 (or equivalent) or less * Cognitive issues: Participants with pre-injury/pre-diagnosis of developmental delay, autism, and/or patients who are non-verbal will be excluded.

Locations (1)

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Patient Participation - AAT

Patient participation during AAT sessions will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS)The PRPS is a 6-item Likert-type, clinician-rated measure that quantifies observed patient participation in their therapy session. Therapists report their observations regarding patient's completion of exercises, effort applied to exercises, and level of support needed to complete activities. Scores range from 1 (None) to 6 (excellent). Therapists will complete this measure at the end of each AAT session. Ratings across the 5 (on average) AAT sessions will be used to create an patient participation - AAT score.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Patient Participation - TAU

Patient participation during TAU sessions will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS)The PRPS is a 6-item Likert-type, clinician-rated measure that quantifies observed patient participation in their therapy session. Therapists report their observations regarding patient's completion of exercises, effort applied to exercises, and level of support needed to complete activities. Scores range from 1 (None) to 6 (excellent). Therapists will complete this measure at the end of each TAU session. Scores across the 5 (on average) TAU sessions will be used to create a single patient participation - TAU score.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Objective session participation - AAT

Objective session participation will be assessed via videotaped sessions for at least 2 AAT sessions. Coders will provide an objective measure of participation by rating patient in session participation using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS). Coders will score participation using the PRPS and rate the participants level of participation from 1 (None) to 6 (Excellent). These coder ratings will be used to create an overall objective session participation AAT score.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Objective session participation - TAU

Objective session participation will be assessed via videotaped sessions for at least 2 TAU sessions. Coders will provide an objective measure of participation by rating patient in session participation using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS). Coders will score participation using the PRPS and rate the participants level of participation from 1 (None) to 6 (Excellent). These coder ratings will be used to create an overall objective session participation TAU score.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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Secondary Outcomes

Heart rate- AAT

Heart rate will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the AAT sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during AAT sessions will be summarized as heart rate - AAT,

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Temperature - AAT

Temperature will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the AAT sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during AAT sessions will be summarized as temperature-AAT.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Galvanic Skin Response - AAT

Galvanic skin response (GSR) will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the AAT sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during AAT sessions will be summarized as GSR-AAT.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Heart Rate - Tau

Heart rate will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the TAU sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during TAU sessions will be summarized as heart rate - TAU.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Temperature - Tau

Temperature, and galvanic skin response will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the TAU sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during TAU sessions will be summarized as temperature-TAU.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks

Galvanic skin response - Tau

Galvanic skin response (GSR) will be collected using an Empatica E4 wristband during each of the TAU sessions. The patient will wear the wrist band during all sessions, and data collected during TAU sessions will be summarized as GSR-TAU.

Time frame: Throughout study completion, an average of 2 weeks