Running Title: PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR Expressions in Periodontitis

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University45 enrolled

Overview

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the expressions of nuclear receptors PPAR (Peroxisome proliferative activator receptor)-γ, RXR (Retinoid X receptor)-α, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients with different grade involvement. Methods: Group-1; healthy individuals, Group-2; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade B, (H-GradeB), Group-3; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade C, (D-GradeC). Clinical parameters as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were measured. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells, PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR levels were determined in histological slides.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

Conditions

Periodontitis

Interventions

Gingiva Biopsy SamplingDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Gingival samples of healthy individuals were collected by gingivectomy or crown lengthening procedure in the routine treatment protocol or before orthodontically indicated tooth extraction. Gingival samples of periodontitis patients were obtained during the scaling and root planning procedure. Posterior maxillary teeth (#4, #5, #6, and #7) were chosen for gingival sampling.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Inflammatory cell counts

Connective tissues were evaluated, and inflammatory cell infiltration were counted in the H\&E stained slides using a light microscope (Nikon Eclipse, E 600, Tokyo, Japan). For cell counting, connective tissue neighboring gingival epithelium was marked, and a cell counting frame of 10000 µm2 was marked. Inflammatory cells (neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and macrophage cells) within the frame were counted. The measurements were performed from three different points, and the mean of these three measurements was recorded.