The purpose of this research study is to see if a weight training program can make a positive change in participant fitness as measured by the ability to use oxygen and help the participant remember things.
The purpose of this research study is to see if a weight training program can make a positive change in cardiac fitness, that is a person's ability to use oxygen; and, if the program can help a person's memory, as measured by some standard tests. The researchers will also ask the participant to attend two sessions with researchers at the Bascom-Palmer Eye Institute so they can take pictures of the participants' eyes to see how training changes the number of blood vessels. This can be used by doctors and other clinicians to evaluate improvements blood flow to the brain due to training.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
30
The program will include three circuits of 11 exercises that target the upper and lower body. Training will gradually increase over the first three week from 1 to 3 circuits.
Lectures on health and fitness
Max Orovitz Laboratories
Coral Gables, Florida, United States
Laboratory of Neruomuscular Research and Active Aging
Coral Gables, Florida, United States
Changes in Cognition due to training
The MoCA will be used to detect mild cognitive impairment in the participants. The total possible score is 30 points; a score of 26 or above is considered normal.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Submaximal cycle ergometer test to measure aerobic capacity
The Young Men's Club of America (YMCA) cycle ergometer test will be used to compute aerobic capacity using heart rate(HR). Predicted oxygen consumption will be computed using the HR of the last two consecutive workloads performed and the maximum workload. A maximal oxygen consumption of 36 milliliters per kilogram body weight per minute and above is considered excellent for men, while 30 milliliters per kilogram body weight per minute is considered excellent for women.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Change in episodic memory
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox: Picture Sequence Memory Test measures episodic memory. Participants are asked to reproduce a sequence of pictures that is shown on the screen. Participants are given credit for each adjacent pair of pictures they correctly place (i.e., if pictures in locations 7 and 8 are placed in that order and adjacent to each other anywhere, such as slots 1 and 2, one point is awarded), up to the maximum value for the sequence, which is one less than the sequence length or 17.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Change in attention and inhibitory control
The NIH Toolbox Flanker test measures attention and inhibitory control. Participant focuses on a given stimulus while inhibiting attention to stimuli flanking it. This computed score ranges from 0-10, but if the score is less than 4, it indicates that the participant did not score high enough in accuracy (80 percent correct or less) to receive a reaction time score.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Change in working memory
The NIH Toolbox List Sorting test measures working memory. Participant recalls and sequences different visually and orally presented stimuli. List Sorting is scored by summing the total number of items correctly recalled and sequenced on 1-List and 2-List, which can range from 0-26.
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Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Change in speed of cognitive processing
The NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed test measures speed of processing. Participants discern whether two side-by-side pictures are the same or not, with 85 seconds to respond to as many items as possible. Items are simple so as to purely measure processing speed. The participant's raw score is the number of items answered correctly in 85 seconds of response time, with a range of 0-130.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Changes in the power muscles can produce
The participants will stand up and down 3 times with a thin string attached to the participant's belt. A total of five attempts will be performed by each participant, and the highest power output will be selected for use in the analysis.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Change in retinal microvascular density as a marker of cortical changes
Retinal microvascular density will be assessed using the Retinal Function Imager (RFI) scan protocol and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). Pictures will be taken of the subject's retina as they look into a special self-contained camera system.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Changes in body fat-free mass
Fat-free mass will be measured using a Tanita BC-418 bioelectrical impedance scale.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14
Changes in body weight
Body weight will be measured on an electronic scale
Time frame: Baseline, Week 14