The PANACEA trial is an investigator-initiated prospective, single-center, two-arm, non-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial of high-dose IV N-Acetylcysteine therapy used as an adjunct to pharmaco-invasive reperfusion in patients presenting early after a large STEMI.
Patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction within 3 hours of symptom onset and satisfying all of the inclusion criteria after informed consent would be randomly allocated to either intravenous N-Acetylcysteine or standard treatment using a 1:1 allocation ratio. Those randomized to IV N-Acetylcysteine would be administered a bolus of 1200 mg over 0.5 hours (in 5% Dextrose) followed by 600mg/hour for the remaining 47.5 hours (in 5% dextrose). A total N-acetylcysteine dose of 29.7 grams is administered over 48 hours. The infusion is continued during the primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients would be followed up for a minimum of 90 days. The primary clinical endpoint will be myocardial infarct size measured by late gadolinium enhancement CMR imaging at 3-5 days from first medical contact. Primary feasibility outcome will be the rate of recruitment, the number of patients undergoing cardiac MRI within the stipulated time frame, and completeness of the study data collection.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
44
Intravenous N-acetyl cysteine bolus and infusion as described in the experimental arm.
University of Alberta Hospital
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Myocardial infarct size
The primary clinical endpoint will be myocardial infarct size measured by late gadolinium enhancement CMR imaging at 3-5 days from first medical contact.
Time frame: 3-5 days after first medical contact
Feasibility outcomes
Primary feasibility outcomes would include the rate of recruitment, the number of patients undergoing cardiac MRI within the stipulated time frame, and completeness of the study data collection.
Time frame: Assessed at the end of the study
Myocardial salvage
Myocardial salvage as measured by T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery on CMR assessed at 3-5 days after infarction
Time frame: 3-5 days after infarction
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Left ventricular ejection fraction on CMR at 3-5 days
Time frame: 3-5 days after infarction
ST-segment elevation resolution
ST-segment elevation resolution at 90 minutes after thrombolysis as assessed by the worst lead on electrocardiogram (ECG core lab).
Time frame: 90-minutes after thrombolysis
TIMI frame count in infarct related artery
TIMI frame count on baseline coronary angiogram in the infarct-related artery
Time frame: During index coronary angiogram which will be performed within 24 hours of admission
Creatine kinase MB area under the curve
Creatine kinase MB area under the curve through 24 hours
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Time frame: 24 hours after admission
Von Willebrand factor fragmentation
The proportion of Von Willebrand factor multimers in the low, intermediate and high molecular weight form at the time of angiography
Time frame: At the time of angiography, assessed up to 7 days from admission
Bleeding
Bleeding research consortium type II, III and V bleeding; safety outcome
Time frame: From time of randomization until the date of discharge or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 90 days
Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions including hypotension (SBP\< 90 mm Hg or a fall in BP \>30 mm Hg below baseline), urticaria, flushing, wheezing and/or angioedema
Time frame: From time of randomization, upto 48 hours