Antimicrobial-free Production of Beef Cattle's Affect on Gut Microbiome

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female, 21-69 years old; * BMI 22.0-34.9 kg/m2; * Fasting serum total cholesterol \<240 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol \<160 mg/dL, triglycerides \<400 mg/dL, and glucose \<110 mg/dL; * Systolic/diastolic blood pressure \<140/90 mmHg; * Body weight stable (± 4 kg in previous 3 mo); * Medication use stable for 6 months prior and not using medications or supplements known to impact gut function; * No use of topical, oral or parenteral antibiotic medications in previous 6 months. * Non-smoking; * Physical activity regimen stable for 3 months prior; * Not drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day; * No history of gastrointestinal disorders, surgeries or cancers; * Non-pregnant and not lactating * No acute illness and non-diabetic; * Willing and able to consume the prescribed diets that may include meat, dairy and gluten-containing foods and beverages. Exclusion Criteria: * Male or female, \< 20 or \>70 years old; * BMI \< 21.9- \>35 kg/m2; * Fasting serum total cholesterol \>240 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol \>160 mg/dL, triglycerides \>400 mg/dL, and glucose \>110 mg/dL; * Systolic blood pressure \>140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmHg; * Body weight stable for \< 3 months prior (±3 kg); * Stable physical activity regimen \< 3 months prior; * Medication use unstable for 6 months prior and using medications or supplements known to impact gut function; * Smoking; * Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day; * Diabetic; * A history of gastrointestinal disorders, GI surgeries or GI cancers; * Pregnant or lactating