Acute physiological consequences of ultra-marathon running are still unknown, particularly in women. Some studies have suggested that the proportion of fatigue attributable to peripheral and central mechanisms varies between males and females; however, results are contradictory. The results from the investigators of the present experiment in two studies conducted in 2009 and 2012 showed that: * A large part of fatigue induced by a mountain ultra-marathon could be attributed to central fatigue in males and that, * Females exhibited less peripheral fatigue in the plantar flexors than males did after a 110-km ultra-trail-running race. According to the literature, there seems to be a plateau in fatigue after 12-15 hours of running.
Thus, the main purpose of the present project is to investigate whether sex differences in neuromuscular fatigue in plantar flexors depend on the distance (\> 100 km vs \< 60 km).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
75
Protocol for neuromuscular tests in isometric mode will be assessed by the composite of these measures : * Voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors and knee extensors * Electrically evoked forces * ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG) * Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs)
Measure of supraspinal activation level and cortical excitation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Neuromuscular fatigue assessment test in dynamic mode will be assessed by the Force/Velocity Profile (FVP) measure: 2 sprints of 8 seconds on a cycle ergometer.
2 sessions of treadmill will be realized: 8 and 10 km.h-1 for level running and 7 km.h-1 with 10% slope for graded running.
Blood sample will be realized to measure hemorrheologic and hematologic parameters.
Urinary sample will be realized to measure hemorrheologic and hematologic parameters.
CHU Saint-Etienne
Saint-Etienne, France
Variation (%) of the amplitudes of the electric shock
Measured by the electrically evoked force after contraction in isometric mode of the plantar flexors
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured by voluntary maximum forces plantar flexors test (seat type Cybex) in percentage (%).
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Voluntary maximum forces knee extensors
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Voluntary maximum forces knee extensors measures by seat type Cybex in percentage (%).
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Electrically evoked forces
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Electrically evoked forces measures by neurostimulator in percentage (%).
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG)
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. ElectroMyoGraphic activity (EMG) measures by electromyography. The EMG signal will be recorded with pairs of electrodes fixed with an adhesive tape bilaterally over the muscular belly.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs)
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Three-Modality Evoked Potentials (TMEPs) measures by magnetic stimulator in percentage (%).
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Analysis : * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured supraspinal activation level and cortical excitation by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in percentage (%).
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Force/Velocity Profile (FVP)
Analysis: * Quantification of neuromuscular fatigue assessment; * Evolution of race mechanics and the energy cost between males and females depending on the distance of the race. Measured Force/Velocity Profile (FVP) test: 2 sprints of 8 seconds on a cycle ergometer.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Blood viscosity
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Number of red blood cell
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Number of platelets
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Number of white blood cells
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Rate of hemoglobin (%)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
creatinine (mg/L)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
C reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
urea (g/L)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
uric acid (mg/L)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
lactate (mg/L)
Measured by blood sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Proteinuria-density urinary (mg/24h)
Measured by urinary sample.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
Kinematic variable
Measured by treadmill result.
Time frame: 5 or 6 day before the race and 1 hour after
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