Ceramic-on-ceramic THA for Post-traumatic Hip Osteoarthritis After Acetabular Fracture

Overview

A retrospective consecutive population of patients treated with cementless total hip arthroplasty with ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surfaces due to post-traumatic osteoarthritis due to acetabular fractures will be selected. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic results of this implant in such a specific cohort. The secondary aim of the sudy is to provide the complication rate and the failure rate of the cohort. A descriptive analysis of the failures will be provided as well.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the recommended treatment to restore functionality and control pain in post-traumatic hip osteoarthritis due to acetabular fractures. However, THA in post-traumatic osteoarthritis following acetabular fractures is a complex procedure and it is burdened with occasional failures. Modest long-term outcomes have been reported, generally lower than conventional THAs performed due to osteonecrosis or primary osteoarthritis: 10-year clinical results are usually good but not excellent (average Harris Hip score: 88), 10-year revision rate is between 15% and 26%. In review study about the complications of post-traumatic THAs, 30% of ossifications, 4.4% of dislocations, 5.6% of infections, and 2.1% of neurovascular lesions were reported: all the percentages were higher than in primary conventional THAs. The most critical issues are related to the young age of the patients, to the anatomical changes affecting the periarticular tissues, to the presence of hardware and to the greater exposure to septic complications. All these factors may prevent the surgeon to achieve a good cup positioning and a satisfying outcome. However a correct surgical technique, associated with meticulous pre-operative planning and the use of low-wear implants can improve the clinical result and the long term survival rates. However, the literature about mid-to-long-term studies about post-traumatic THAs is scarce (currently 5 with an average follow-up of at least 5 years). Furthermore, these studies often include outdated implants, positioned with invasive surgical techniques and with removal of all previous hardware. Therefore, a long-term study (minimum 10-year follow-up) involving more recent implants, with modern articular couplings demonstrating low wear (such as ceramic-on-ceramic), and performed with minimally invasive technique and pre-operative CT-guided planning, would be desirable. The aim of this study is to describe the survival rates and the long-term clinical and radiological outcome (minimum 10-year follow-up) of cementless THAs, with ceramic-on-ceramic couplings, performed with minimally-invasive technique and CT guided pre-operative planning, in post-traumatic osteoarthritis due to acetabular fractures