Cardiovascular Outcomes and HbA1c Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Newly Initiating GLP1RAs vs Basal Insulin

Brigham and Women's Hospital20,000 enrolled

Overview

This study will compare hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes newly initiating a GLP1-receptor agonist or basal insulin.

The 2019 ADA-EASD clinical treatment guidelines recommend a GLP-1RA over basal insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes with suboptimal glycemic control despite metformin and a second-line glucose lowering agent. The basis of this recommendation is due to the side effect profiles of these two medications (i.e. reduced risk of hypoglycemia, some weight loss with GLP-1RA), convenience (once weekly injection) and the fact that the price of insulin has skyrocketed in recent years. Prior head-to-head randomized trials (EAGLE, LEAD 5) comparing select GLP-1RA and basal insulin have found mixed results. In EAGLE, adding either insulin glargine or liraglutide to patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes found no differences in the primary outcome (percentage of people reaching HbA1c \< 7%). In LEAD 5, liraglutide was associated with a slightly greater HbA1c reduction than glargine, however the dose of insulin was approximately 50% less than the dose used in EAGLE. The objective of this observational study is to describe the comparative effectiveness and safety of newly initiating a GLP1RA versus basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin and another oral glucose lowering medicine.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

20,000

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions

GLP-1 receptor agonistDRUG

any GLP-1 receptor agonist (other than Saxenda or liraglutide 3.0mg)

InsulinDRUG

glargine, detemir, neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), degludec

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age\>=18 years * at least 180 days of continuous enrollment prior to index date * at least 1 Type 2 diabetes diagnosis code prior to index date * (for cohort #1) at least 2 metformin dispensings prior to index date AND days supply overlap on cohort entry date (with 14 days of grace period before) Exclusion Criteria: * any type 1 diabetes diagnosis code prior to index date * medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (both black box warnings) prior to index date * h/o pancreatitis * h/o recurrent hypoglycemia (i.e. more than 1 hospitalization / emergency department encounter in primary diagnosis position for hypoglycemia) * index injectable is a combination of GLP1-RA plus insulin * index GLP1-RA is Saxenda (indicated for weight loss) or liraglutide at 3.0mg dose * index insulin regimen includes both basal and prandial insulin, or premixed insulin * Any prior GLP1-RA use (Applied washout for 180 days) * Any prior insulin use; Sometimes insulin is transiently used at diagnosis (Applied washout for 180 days) * Secondary diabetes * Gestational diabetes * Nursing home admission (because we don't have pharmacy claims) * Age \<18 years * Chronic kidney disease stage 4-6 * Advanced cancer * End stage renal disease For A1c cohort only: -HbA1c \>12%

Locations (1)

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States