Nicotine Patch as an Adjunctive Intervention to Reduce Secondhand Smoke Among NICU Families

Inclusion Criteria: * Eligible mothers of any age or ethnic background must have an infant that is at least 1 week prior to the estimated date of hospital discharge in the NICU (ensuring time for the intervention) * report that a household resident smokes at least 5 cigarettes per day, on average, within the 2 months preceding the screening visit * agree to attend intervention sessions * live within 50 miles of our center * and have access to a telephone Exclusion Criteria: * Mothers were ineligible if they met criteria for severe cognitive, and/or psychiatric impairment, per judgment of NICU and research staff, that precludes cooperation with study protocol * were unable to read, write, and speak English * were unable or unwilling to provide signed consent for participation * and were unable or unwilling to meet study requirements for data collection and intervention purposes. * Within the month immediately preceding the screening visit, use of any form of tobacco or nicotine products other than cigarettes (e.g., e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco, etc.) on 3 or more days within a week if the individual refuses to refrain from such tobacco use during the course of the study * Current use of NRT or enrollment (or plans to enroll) in another smoking cessation program in the next 3 months * Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \[SBP\] greater than 180 or diastolic blood pressure \[DBP\] greater than 110) * History of severe cardiovascular (stroke, heart attack), kidney (e.g. chronic or acute kidney failure) or liver disease, or other unstable disease in the last 3 months * History of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to NRT or similar chemical classes or any component of these formulations (including allergy to latex)