Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world. The goal of this work is to develop and test a noninvasive ultrasound-based imaging technology to better identify patients at high risk of stroke so that appropriate and timely intervention may be administered to prevent it.
Although stroke remains a leading cause of death in the United States, incidence and mortality rates have declined over the past two decades in association with advanced pharmaceutical therapies and revascularization, primarily by carotid endarterectomy (CEA). While CEA's efficacy for preventing stroke in patients with severe (≥70%) carotid artery stenosis and neurological symptoms is well documented, the surgical intervention's usefulness decreases as stroke risk falls in patients with less severe stenosis and patients without symptoms. It is estimated that as many as 13 out of 14 symptomatic patients with 50-69% stenosis and 21 out of 22 asymptomatic patients with 70-99% stenosis undergo CEA surgery unnecessarily. These data demonstrate the inadequacy of degree of stenosis as the primary indication of stroke risk and underscore the urgent yet unmet need for improved biomarkers that differentiate patients at low risk of embolic stroke from those in need of CEA to prevent it. This urgent need for improving CEA indication could be met by assessing the structure and composition of carotid plaques. Plaques composed of thin or ruptured fibrous caps (TRFC), large lipid rich necrotic cores (LRNC), and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) are associated with thrombosis in morphological studies from autopsy. Further, plaque hemorrhage and increased intraplaque vessel formation in CEA specimens are independently related to future cardio- and cerebrovascular events or interventions. Finally, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with TRFC and IPH - while increased risk of future stroke or TIA is conferred by TRFC, LRNC, and IPH - in human carotid plaques as determined by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of this work is to develop a low-cost, noninvasive imaging method that reliably delineates carotid plaque structure and composition and is suitable for widespread diagnostic application. Previous research has demonstrated that Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound delineates LRNC/IPH, collagen/calcium deposits, and TRFC in human carotid plaque, in vivo, with TRFC thickness measurement as low as 0.49 mm - the mean thickness associated with rupture. This project will exploit ARFI Variance of Acceleration (VoA) imaging, higher center frequencies, and harmonic imaging to newly enable separate discrimination of TRFC, LRNC, and IPH and accurate feature size measurement. The investigators will determine the association between advanced ARFI's plaque characterization and recent history of ipsilateral stroke or TIA.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
72
ARFI imaging is an ultrasound-based, noninvasive imaging method and will be used in accordance with approved labeling.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospitals
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging
Ability of ARFI imaging to detect carotid plaque features and measure their size
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for thin or ruptured fibrous caps (TRFC) at 8 MHz fundamental
Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the ability of ARFI Variance of Acceleration (VoA) obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for TRFC at 8 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for TRFC at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for TRFC at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
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VoA AUC for TRFC at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for TRFC at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect thin or ruptured fibrous cap
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for LRNC at 8 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core (LRNC)
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for LRNC at 8 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for LRNC at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for LRNC at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for LRNC at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for LRNC at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect lipid rich necrotic core
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for IPH at 8 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for IPH at 8 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 8 MHz fundamental frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for IPH at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for IPH at 12 MHz fundamental
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz fundamental frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA AUC for IPH at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI VoA obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD AUC for IPH at 12 MHz harmonic
AUC for the ability of ARFI PD obtained at 12 MHz harmonic frequency to detect intraplaque hemorrhage
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for TRFC thickness at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based TRFC thickness measurement 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for TRFC thickness at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based TRFC thickness measurement 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for TRFC thickness at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based TRFC thickness measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for TRFC thickness at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based TRFC thickness measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for TRFC thickness at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based TRFC thickness measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for TRFC thickness at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based TRFC thickness measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for LRNC size at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based LRNC size measurement at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for LRNC size at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based LRNC size measurement at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for LRNC size at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based LRNC size measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for LRNC size at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based LRNC size measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for LRNC size at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based LRNC size measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for LRNC size at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based LRNC size measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for IPH size at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based IPH size measurement at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for IPH size at 8 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based IPH size measurement at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for IPH size at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based IPH size measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for IPH size at 12 MHz fundamental
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based IPH size measurement at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA bias for IPH size at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in VoA-based IPH size measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD bias for IPH size at 12 MHz harmonic
Bland Altman-derived bias in PD-based IPH size measurement at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of TRFC detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from VoA at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of TRFC detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from PD at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of TRFC detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from VoA at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of TRFC detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from PD at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of TRFC detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from VoA at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of TRFC detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected TRFC from PD at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of LRNC detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from VoA at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of LRNC detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from PD at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of LRNC detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from VoA at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of LRNC detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from PD at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of LRNC detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from VoA at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of LRNC detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected LRNC from PD at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of IPH detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from VoA at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of IPH detection at 8 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from PD at 8 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of IPH detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from VoA at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of IPH detection at 12 MHz fundamental
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from PD at 12 MHz fundamental frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
VoA prevalence of IPH detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from VoA at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years
PD prevalence of IPH detection at 12 MHz harmonic
prevalence of reader-detected IPH from PD at 12 MHz harmonic frequency
Time frame: Upon completion of the development of all novel ARFI data processing algorithms, their application to all acquired ARFI data, and the interpretation of the results for all participants, an average of two years