The Effect of Insulin-induced Hypoglycaemia on Gut-derived Glucagon Secretion (Px-Hypo)

Inclusion Criteria: Pancreatectomised patients * Caucasian above 30 years of age who have undergone total pancreatectomy * Blood haemoglobin \>7.0 mmol/l for males and \>6.5 mmol/l for females Non-diabetic control subjects * Normal fasting plasma glucose and normal HbA1c (according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria) * Normal blood haemoglobin * Caucasian above 30 years of age * BMI (body mass index) 17-30 * Informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Pancreatectomised patients * Pancreatectomy within the last 3 months * Ongoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy within the last 3 months * Previous or ongoing treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors * Inflammatory bowel disease * Gastrointestinal resection (other than the gastro-duodenectomy performed in connection with total pancreatectomy) and/or ostomy * Nephropathy (eGFR\<60 and/or albuminuria) * Known liver disease (excluding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and/or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and/or serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) \>3 × normal values) * Severe lung disease * Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding * Age above 85 years * Uncontrolled hypertension and/or significant cardiovascular disease * Any condition that the investigator feels would interfere with trial participation Non-diabetic control subjects * Diabetes or prediabetes (according to WHO criteria) * First-degree relatives with diabetes * Inflammatory bowel disease * Gastrointestinal resection and/or ostomy * Nephropathy (serum creatinine \>150 µmol/l and/or albuminuria) * Known liver disease (excluding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and/or serum ALAT and/or serum ASAT \>3 × normal values) * Severe lung disease * Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding * Age above 85 years * Uncontrolled hypertension and/or significant cardiovascular disease * Any condition that the investigator feels would interfere with trial participation