This is a phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec in combination with pembrolizumab following disease progression on prior anti-programmed cell death protein (anti-PD-1) therapy in unresectable/metastatic melanoma (stage IIIB-IVM1d) or prior anti-PD-1 therapy in the adjuvant setting. Subjects will be treated with talimogene laherparepvec and pembrolizumab until confirmed complete response, disappearance of all injectable lesions, documented confirmed disease progression per modified immune-related Response Criteria simulating Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRC-RECIST), intolerance of study treatment, or 102 weeks from the first dose of talimogene laherparepvec and/or pembrolizumab, whichever occurs first.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
72
Intralesional injection into injectable cutaneous, subcutaneous and nodal legions.
Intravenous (IV) infusion.
Sansum Clinic
Santa Barbara, California, United States
Medical Oncology Hematology Consultants Helen F Graham Cancer Center
Newark, Delaware, United States
University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health
Orlando, Florida, United States
University of Louisville James Graham Brown Cancer Center
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Allina Health Systems dba Virginia Piper Cancer Institute
Fridley, Minnesota, United States
Objective Response Rate (ORR) Per Modified RECIST v1.1
ORR was defined as the incidence of a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per modified RECIST v1.1: * CR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have had a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size (\< 10mm short axis). * PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. * Non-CR/Non-progressive disease (PD): Persistence of 1 or more non-target lesion(s).
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Complete Response Rate (CRR) Per Modified RECIST v1.1
CRR was defined as the incidence of a BOR of CR per modified RECIST v1.1: * CR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have had a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size (\< 10mm short axis). Confirmation of CR was not required per modified RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Complete Response Rate (iCRR) Per Modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC) RECIST v1.1
iCRR was defined as the incidence of a best overall response (iBOR) of a complete response (iCR) per modified irRC-RECIST: * iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new). Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have had a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. Confirmation of iCR was required per modified irRC-RECIST.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
BOR Per Modified RECIST v1.1
BOR was the best overall visit response up to \& including the first overall visit response of PD: * CR: Disappearance of all target \& non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes must have had a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size. * PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions. * Stable disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR/CR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. * PD: ≥20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions and an increase of ≥5mm. Progression of existing non-target lesions. * Unable to evaluate (UE): Any lesion present at baseline which was not assessed or unable to be evaluated leading to an inability to determine the status of that particular tumor. * Non-CR/Non-PD: Persistence of 1+ non-target lesion(s). Non-CR/non-PD was relevant to participants who did not have measurable disease at baseline. Confirmation of CR, PR \& PD were not required per modified RECIST 1.1.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Best Overall Response (iBOR) Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iBOR was defined as the best overall visit response up to and including the first overall visit response of progressive disease (iPD) per modified irRC-RECIST: * iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new). Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. * Partial response (iPR): Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline. * Stable disease (iSD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iPR or iCR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD. * iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20% and at least 5 mm absolute increase. * Unable to evaluate (iUE): Any lesion present at baseline or a new measurable lesion which was not assessed or was unable to be evaluated leading to an inability to determine the status of that particular tumor for that time point. Confirmation of iCR, iPR and iPD was required per modified irRC-RECIST.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Durable Response Rate (DRR) Per Modified RECIST v1.1
DRR was defined as the percentage of participants with a CR or PR per modified RECIST v1.1 with a duration of response (DOR) ≥ 6 months. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. * CR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have had a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size (\< 10mm short axis). * PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Confirmation of CR and PR were not required per modified RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Durable Response Rate (iDRR) Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iDRR was defined as the percentage of participants with an iCR or iPR per modified irRC-RECIST with a duration of response (iDOR) ≥ 6 months. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. * iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new). Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. * iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline. Confirmation of iCR and iPR were required per modified irRC-RECIST.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
DOR Per Modified RECIST v1.1
DOR was defined as the time from the date of an initial response of CR or PR to the earlier of PD/death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before start of first subsequent anticancer therapy. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. * CR:Disappearance of all target \& non-target lesions. All lymph nodes must have a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. Any pathological lymph nodes must have had a reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size (\<10mm short axis). * PR:At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. * PD:At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. The sum must also demonstrate an increase of at least 5mm. Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Confirmation of CR, PR and PD were not required per modified RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
iDOR Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iDOR was defined as the time from the date of an initial response that is subsequently confirmed to the earlier of iPD per modified irRC-RECIST. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before start of first subsequent anticancer therapy. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. * iCR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. All lymph nodes must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. * iPR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. * iPD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm. Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Disease Control Rate (DCR) Per Modified RECIST v1.1
DCR per modified RECIST v1.1 was defined as the incidence of a BOR of CR, PR or SD. * CR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have had a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. All lymph nodes must have been non-pathological in size (\< 10mm short axis * PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. * SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR or CR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. Confirmation of CR and PR were not required per modified RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Disease Control Rate (iDCR) Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iDCR per modified irRC-RECIST was defined as the incidence of an iBOR of iCR, iPR or iSD. * iCR: Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. All lymph nodes must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. * iPR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. * iSD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iPR or iCR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD. Confirmation of iCR and iPR were required per modified irRC-RECIST.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Objective Response Rate (iORR) Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iORR was defined as the incidence of an iBOR of iCR or iPR per modified irRC-RECIST * iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new). Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have a reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm. * iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline. Confirmation of iCR and iPR were required per modified irRC-RECIST.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Per Modified RECIST v1.1
PFS per modified RECIST 1.1 was defined as the interval from first dose to the earlier event of PD or death from any cause. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable post-baseline tumor assessment if available, otherwise were censored on study Day 1. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. \- PD: At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm. Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Progression Free Survival (iPFS) Per Modified irRC-RECIST
iPFS per modified irRC-RECIST was defined as the interval from first dose to the earlier event of iPD or death from any cause. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable post-baseline tumor assessment if available, otherwise were censored on study Day 1. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year. \- iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20% and at least 5 mm absolute increase.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as the interval from first dose to death from any cause. Participants without an event were censored at the last date known to be alive. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
Number of Participants Who Experienced a Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
Evaluation of TEAEs included the number of participants with at least 1: * TEAE * Treatment-related TEAE * Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade ≥ 3 TEAE * Treatment-related CTCAE grade ≥ 3 TEAE * Serious TEAE * Serious treatment-related TEAE * Fatal TEAE * Fatal treatment-related TEAE * TEAE of interest Serious TEAEs were collected up to 90 days post-last dose of treatment. Non-serious TEAEs were collected up to 30 days post-last dose of treatment. A CTCAE grade ≥ 3 was determined using the CTCAE grading systems based on CTCAE version 5.0 per the below definitions: * Grade 3: Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self care activities of daily living. * Grade 4: Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. * Grade 5: Death related to TEAE. Abnormal laboratory tests were also recorded as TEAEs.
Time frame: Serious TEAEs were collected up to 90 days post-last dose of treatment. Non-serious TEAEs were collected up to 30 days post-last dose of treatment. The maximum duration of treatment exposure was 105.9 weeks.
Time to First Subsequent Anti-cancer Therapy
Time to first subsequent anti-cancer therapy was defined as the time from enrollment to the start of subsequent anticancer therapy. Participants who did not start subsequent anticancer therapy were censored as the last known to be alive date. One month was calculated based on 365.25 days per year.
Time frame: Every 12 weeks. Maximum overall time on-study (treatment + follow up) was 46.23 months
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