The purpose of this study is to assess whether certain beverages can increase urinary citrate levels in healthy individuals with no history of kidney disease.
Higher urinary citrate levels have been shown to decrease one's risk of developing kidney stones. The study will compare apple cider vinegar, coconut water, diet citric soda and lemonade and determine which is superior at raising citrate levels. Research participants will consume two of the four drinks, each for 7 day periods, according to a prescribed regimen. Throughout the course of the study, participants will periodically provide blood draws for metabolic panels, as well as 24-hour urine samples to measure citrate levels. There will be 12 study arms, accounting for the permutations of two drinks for each patients out of four possibilities. 3 participants per arm is the goal, for a total of 36, but the recruitment aim is 50 participants, to account for dropout and noncompliance.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
50
Will drinking apple cider vinegar increase urinary citrate levels to a greater degree than other beverages and which beverages produce the most significant effects compared against one another.
To what degree do other high citrate beverages impact urinary citrate output.
Apple Cider Vinegar Urinary Citrate Increase
Determine the change in urinary citrate levels due to the addition of apple cider vinegar to the diet
Time frame: 1 week
Apple Cider Vinegar and urinary pH
Determine the effect of apple cider vinegar on urinary pH
Time frame: 1 week
Apple Cider Vinegar Against Other Beverages
Compare the effect of apple cider vinegar on urinary citrate with that of known citrate-rich beverages (lemonade, citrus based soda, coconut water)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Palatability Evaluation
Compare the palatability of apple cider vinegar and other known citrate-rich beverages (lemonade, citrus based soda, coconut water). Patients will keep daily log whwere they can free write any side effects (from palatability perspective and otherwise). At the end of the study a 2 question survery (Likert scale format) will be filled in which participants will answer the liklihood of their willingness to consume the beverage daily for the prevention of kidney stones.
Time frame: 4 weeks
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