During surgery, blood leaking from damaged blood vessels spread to the periorbital area may cause periorbital edema and ecchymosis after anterior craniotomy. This study was carried out to determine the effects of the cold application and the local heparinoid on periorbital edema and ecchymosis after craniotomy.
Periorbital edema and ecchymosis are common after anterior craniotomy. Periorbital edema and ecchymosis are not complications, they are natural outcomes of surgical trauma. However, periorbital edema prevents pupil examination and causes the patient to experience fear and anxiety with accompanying ecchymosis. Periorbital edema rate after anterior craniotomy was 36.8-100%, ecchymosis rate was 62.5%, and 30% of patients with edema did not have a pupil examination for the first 36 hours after craniotomy.The present study was carried out to determine the effects of the heparinoid creams and regular cold application performed using gel packs in controlling periorbital edema and ecchymosis after craniotomy.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
90
* Routine care was applied to the periorbital area by clinical nurses. * Periorbital edema, upper and lower eyelid ecchymosis of the patients were evaluated on the 3rd and 9th hours after craniotomy, and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days (twice daily) using the Kara \& Gokalan's Scale
* Cold application was applied to the periorbital area for 20 minutes per hour beginning 3rd hour following craniotomy, except from 10pm-7 am, and for three days using gel pack cooled to -14ºC. * Periorbital edema, upper and lower eyelid ecchymosis of the patients were evaluated on the 3rd and 9th hours after craniotomy, and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days (twice daily) using the Kara \& Gokalan's Scale
Periorbital edema
This edema defined as swelling around the eye was evaluated using the Kara \& Gokalan's Scale.
Time frame: Evaluation was performed twice a day for three days after craniotomy.
Periorbital ecchymosis
This ecchymosis is produced by blood tracking into periorbital tissues, causing blue or purple discoloration of the upper and lower eyelid. Evaluation was performed with using the Kara \& Gokalan's Scale.
Time frame: Evaluation was performed twice a day for three days after craniotomy.
Periorbital superficial skin temperature
Change in periorbital superficial skin temperature after cold application
Time frame: Skin temperature was measured every hour before and after cold application
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* Heparinoid cream was applied to the periorbital area once at 3rd and 9th hours following craniotomy, and 4 times daily in the following 3 days. * Periorbital edema, upper and lower eyelid ecchymosis of the patients were evaluated on the 3rd and 9th hours after craniotomy, and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days (twice daily) using the Kara \& Gokalan's Scale